Characteristics And Weaknesses Of An Enterprise...

1. Given our studies of EA frameworks you are to identify five different criteria by which you can assess the strengths and weaknesses of the: TOGAF, FEA, LightWeight and Zachman framework. (50 points) Enterprise Architecture is an all-inclusive approach to managing the complexity of IT from a business viewpoint. A framework is used to help describe how to create and use an EA, in a manner that delivers business benefit in a cost - effective way. Each framework has a different approach to adding value to the business. These criteria will identify the ways an enterprise architecture framework adds business value, how adaptability and flexibility effect the overall adoption of an enterprise architecture framework, how the deliverables contribute to the success of an enterprise architecture, how does each framework take a strategic approach to reduce complexity of enterprise architecture, and how the framework encompasses the Software Development Lifecycle. The Zachman Framework considers that there may be different perspectives, however, each perspective considers the requirements of the other and the restraints those may impose. It also allows for different levels of complexity, depth, and breadth of details for each cell of the matrix based upon the importance to a given organization. The Zachman Framework can be used to set standards and is also easy to use with other tools and methodologies. TOGAF offers flexibility and is easily adaptable for any organization. ItShow MoreRelatedEa Enables Essay1355 Words   |  6 PagesEnterprise Architecture Enables Processes Paper Introduction Enterprise Architecture is defined as the representation of all the components, processes and policies of an organization. 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The Disabled With Disabilities Act - 1541 Words

Just like any other minority, the disabled have been discriminated throughout history. Disabilities can be composed of physical or mental handicaps and discrimination has always occurred for both. It has historically been difficult for the disabled to not only find employment, but also to keep acceptable employment. These individuals also have had trouble being treated properly on the job. Transportation has also been an issue because many of the disabled cannot move or get around as easily as others. There is a history of isolating or separating the handicap from society by not having proper access available or by not allowing them to participate in all government programs. People with hearing problems also have not been able to†¦show more content†¦To put and end to this, around the 1820s, the disabled started to be institutionalized. Institutionalization was just another way of isolating the handicapped and there was still a large amount of abuse and neglect that o ccurred. Starting from 1920-1960, the return of veterans from World War I, World War II, and the Korean War caused a rise in the need for rehabilitation. There was also an influx in the development of welfare programs and medical technology in this era, causing people to live longer even with disabilities. With such a rise in the amount of handicapped in America, it was no longer an option to keep them isolated. The need for assistance and civil rights for the disabled were starting to be recognized by the larger population. Legislation for the civil rights of the disabled started being developed around the 1970s. The first to come about was the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. This act outlined independent living programs and vocational rehabilitation, prohibited employment discrimination in federally funded job settings, and also developed a federal board for the regulation of accessibility and mobility improvements. The next was the Education of All Handicapped Children Act of 1975. This act worked to end the separation of education of handicapped children by giving all disabled

Iklan Petronas Free Essays

BACKGROUND Petronas as a biggest company in Malaysia are well known to Malaysian people and when we mention about Petronas, normally people will think about petroleum, refineries, KLCC and many more products of Petronas. There are many advertisements involving Petronas in the market, such are LPG gas advertisement, Petronas petroleum fuel, Petronas Grand Prix and Formula 1. There are many advertisements to promoting the products of Petronas instead of branding. We will write a custom essay sample on Iklan Petronas or any similar topic only for you Order Now On the other hand, Petronas also did the contribution due their social corporate work whereby they have done a good social work with giving interesting short video clip on the commercial advertisement on the television. There are many commercial advertisements that have done by Petronas on the television and they make the advertisement as a compulsory to them and will come out during the certain period of celebrations in Malaysia for example on Hari Raya day, National day and other national celebration. There are also many social advertisements released by the other big company like Petronas such as Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB), PROTON, and Telekom Malaysia Berhad (TM). However, Petronas’ advertisements are more attractive and succeed to give an impact to the audiences. Its shows that advertisements are really creative and succeed to touch the people heart who are watching on it. One of the advertisement from Petronas that caught my interest was the advertisement about â€Å" Burung Murai†. This advertisement was released during Hari Raya celebration period on 2007. THE STRENGTHS General Petronas advertisements always been watching by the audience and there already have a trust on the Petronas’ advertisement. Petronas has succeed to put on the audience minds that their advertisements are unique from the other with clear story line, attractive ways of presenting the idea, and touched the heart with the feelings of emotion. Petronas always come out with new idea and do not lack of interesting ideas. The idea was fresh and suit on environment makes them acceptable to any background of audience. Consistent with their advertisements and never missed to come out with new advertisement in every single celebration in Malaysia makes their advertisements are wanted for their audience to see the new one. Focused on moral values instead of promoting the products makes the messages on the moral values are delivered to audience. The messages is clear and easy to understand References http://www. petronas. com. my/internet/corp/centralrep2. nsf/frameset_corp? OpenFrameset http://www. kujie2. com/perayaan/iklan-raya-petronas-yang-mana-paling-best. html How to cite Iklan Petronas, Papers

Critical Review on Business Process Management †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Critical Review on Business Process Management. Answer: Introduction: The outcome of research investing years of hard work and dedication has uncovered holistic understanding of business process management and the holistic understanding has described the relation between organizational culture and business process management. According to the article Developing an Organizational Culture Supportive of Business Process Management by authors Sanja Tumbas and Theresa Schmiedel, the effect of organizational culture and its elements on the successful business process management is discussed in this article. According to the authors, business process management and it successful establishment is associated with a supportive environment in the organization; which can only be brought forward with a co-operational and inclusive organizational culture in place (kerlavaj, temberger and Dimovski, 2007F). The statement made by the author indicated at the fact that there are different factors and approaches to a supportive organizational culture that facilitates better and more fruitful business process management in the organization. And in the article the authors progress to evaluate different strategies for developing an organizational culture that will fester the growth and establishment of a sound organizational culture. This assignment will attempt to critically evaluate the article by Sanja Tumbas and Theresa Schmiedel and will attempt to provide an analysis of the article along with criticizing it (Tumbas and Schmiedel, 2013). According to Weske, the culture of given organization serves as the very foundation on which the growth and sustainability of the business process is based on (Weske, 2012). Therefore, it can be said that without the prevalence of an organizational culture that is supportive, collaborative and proactive, successful business process management cannot be achieved. In the article under criticism in the assignment, the authors propose organizational culture as professional values and principles shared by the employees of an organization that is reflected on the cumulative manifestation on their actions and performance as a whole. Therefore, the authors propose that organizational culture has a visible result on the development of the organisational performance and business process management. Other authors have opined that the threat by the dynamic market changes on the organizational culture can be overcome if adjusted with the adequate business process management and supportive and com municative culture in the organization, which aligns with what the authors of this article under review in the assignment have argued. The main purpose of this article is to judge how supportive changes can be implemented to improve the organizational culture in a manner that can facilitate effective business process management (Tumbas and Schmiedel, 2013). The background of this research article can be considered broad, informative and could establish the need for this study; however, details regarding how this study bridges the gap left behind by the literature previously published are not explained perfectly. Aims and objectives: Aims and objectives are undoubtedly a highly important part of the structure, which carefully and succinctly conveys to the readers what the research is aiming to achieve and what questions is the research study is aiming to address (Brocke and Rosemann, 2014). This article lacks an individual aims and objective section, which is undoubtedly a drawback for the article. Although, the article has described in background and introduction opting for a functionalist view for the research study, and the research question asked in the article is How can an organization develop a culture supportive of BPM? which is addressed by a detailed review of literature and a case controlled study. A literature review is known to act as the connection between the data and information available already in the journals regrading the topic of the research being conducted and the need for further investigation that the study under consideration is hoping to achieve. The literature review for this article is extensive, concise and detailed which receives appreciation; the research study has taken the aid of databases like AIS Electronic Library2 , Science Direct, and Ebsco; which are reliable and authentic databases, excellent for academic researching purposes. The screening for relevant articles to include in the research study had been efficient as well, as it excluded anything that is not perfectly aligned with the need and requirement of research study under question. For the structuring of the articles selected and construction of the literature review is concept centric approach which allows the literature to be compartmentalized into different sections for more organized and polished structure to be attained; the research article also provided a table explaining the segmentalization of the articles for better understaffing of the readers which is extremely appreciable (Tumbas and Schmiedel, 2013). Aside from the structure construction of the review, the content selected for this study is carefully and succinctly described as well. In the very first section the review discusses the prevalence of theoretical basis of culture and its role in successful business process management. In this section the importance of CERT values in business process management and culture construction is discussed in detail. CERT stands for the amalgamation of customer retention, excellence, responsibility and teamwork are considered to be the most important basis of successful business process management according to Van Der Aalst; the authors of this research article have explained in detail the how not exercising CERT values in the organization can bring forth culture resistance and in turn affect successful implementation of BPM in the organization (Van Der Aalst 2013). The research study opts of an empirical approach to judges the impact of inadequate organizational culture on the lack of proper BPM in the case selected. Empirical approach taken by the research article: As mentioned above in the assigmment6 the main purpose behind the research article had been to discover strategies to improve the organisational culture characterized by organizational support, cooperation and collaboration to support business process management fluidity. The research article emphasizes on a global IT company ITleader that provides supportive softwares for BPM to other organizations, and the authors hear argue that this case forms an excellent suitable basis to judge how internal process excellence initiative and change management can facilitate supportive organizational culture and help in BPM (Tumbas and Schmiedel, 2013). Concentrating on the methodological procedure selected for this research study, exploratory study shows the qualitative research design based on a case control study. As the main purpose of this research study had been to discover how it later the company chosen for this research study can develop organisational culture that supports and fortified their BPM initiatives, the authors very tactfully compartmentalized the entire research into two distinct phases. The first phase analyses the culture development needs of the company and the second phase comprised of 5 semi structured interviews with the employees in order to understand the employee perception regarding a BPM supportive organisational culture and how it can be facilitated. This empirical approach help the authors to gain an understanding of how culturally fed the organization chosen is actually for the BPM approved selected for this research study and the interview findings help the authors to attend the perspective of the Employees with the scenario (Tumbas and Schmiedel, 2013). The next the next phase for this research study had been to identify the strategies that will help in development of the culture the ideal leader has to maintain a successful business process management scenario. Emphasizing on the CERT values, the research discovered that the organization selected for this research study had much room for improvement in the organisational culture specifically in the sectors of internal customer orientation and accountability. The interview was successful in discovering that organization it essentially proper leadership and Organization in the entire business process management sector, find a motor interview was also successful in discovering that employees have purchased this deficiency in the entire organization culture and business process management as a organization cultural norms and have habituated to the entire process (Ko, Lee and Wah Lee, 2009). The personal excellence initiative taken by the author in this research study has to be apprecia ted as it could uncover the exact needs of the organization and how these needs can be addressed. The entire procedure helped the authors to device the strategies and implements them as well (Tumbas and Schmiedel, 2013). Identification of the strategies and activities: The very first strategy selected was sent out around customer orientation based on both external and internal customers, which encouraged the customers to engage in a activity that will be enhance the efficiency of the employees in customer handling and enforce more involvement in the entire scenario (Harmon 2010). In order to facilitate personal excellence initiative, the scheme of continuous improvement was selected, by taking initiatives like individual incentive system, process performance monitoring, and overall innovation. In order to improve the responsibility or accountability of the employees the help of awareness and clear governance rule was selected and to improve the teamwork of the organization face to face informal interaction, cross functional meetings and open communication was enabled (Tumbas and Schmiedel, 2013). For success for business process management and sustainability of the organisation, and many research studies have established that fact. This research study has been successful in few sectors. First and foremost this article comprises of several research implications, this article has successfully utilized the BPM culture model of worm group and Sunil in order to identify an organisational culture fit for successful BPM, effectively taking the first important steps towards eliminating the gap left Behind in the literature examining how cultural fit can be achieved in order to facilitate excellent BPM (Trkman 2010). vom Brocke and Sinnl have opined that the concept of cultural fit is intricately aligned with performance management and organisational growth. And in order to maintain a sustainable business process management, how comfortable and safe the employees feel in the organization is an extremely essential element (vom Brocke and Sinnl 2011). Organisational culture supports and cooperates with employees they will inevitably be prepared to put the best effort to increase both live performance and quality, which in turn will improve the business process management and make the entire procedure easier and less time consuming (Dumas et al. 2013). This research study has successfully used BPM supportive CERT values which is an essential instrument for management evaluation in order to identify the organisational culture development needs of a company and then based on those needs devise a strategy that will fit organization and help them achieve the business process management in that the company has set for. The implications for practice that a research article under criticism has able to achieve is how CRT value measurement scale can be utilized to support organization in both identify of overall cultural development Strategies and enforcing precise developmental activities that will address the particular needs of the organization (Chang 2016). This factor dependent specific activities can be a fertile ground for further research the comments describing how these specific activity scheme can help organizations attain optimal growth in both quality and productivity (Tumbas and Schmiedel, 2013). According to the research article by kerlavaj, temberger and Dimovski, a supportive organisational culture can be the missing link between performance improvement and business process management, the improvement in culture development will inevitably improve both performance and is the process of business management (kerlavaj, temberger and Dimovski 2007). This research study has helped in identifying that missing link and has also attempted to formulate an effective strategy that can help restore that essential element which can enhance booked the performance of the organization and help in better organization of the entire business process (Tumbas and Schmiedel, 2013). Conclusion: Hence it can be concluded that this research study has been an excellent literary research which will help business organization attend an idea of how culture affects the business process management profoundly. Although the only limitation that this research study has had, the dependence of this research on a single case study. Has to be mentioned in this context that for a research to be relatable and transferable, the generalizability of the findings is extremely important which can the applied to any related scenario and is expected to you will the similar results. The dependency of this article on the case of it leader restricts that generalizability and transferability of the findings. Along with that it also needs to be mentioned that the findings of this research, Albert being revolutionary, I still limited to the perceptions of a limited number of interview participants. It not only decreases the generalizability of the findings but also enhance is a chance of the findings to be biased by their personal perceptions. Hands on a concluding note it can be said that romantic after research study in the methodology and techniques utilised has to be appreciated, and if the restricted generalizability probable bias of this research overlooked then this research can be the fertile ground for extensive empirical research that can help organizations improve their culture exponentially and intense see the results in the business process management References: Alvesson, M., 2012.Understanding organizational culture. Sage. Brocke, J.V. and Rosemann, M., 2014.Handbook on Business Process Management 2: Strategic Alignment, Governance, People and Culture. Springer Publishing Company, Incorporated. Chang, J.F., 2016.Business process management systems: strategy and implementation. CRC Press. Dumas, M., La Rosa, M., Mendling, J. and Reijers, H.A., 2013.Fundamentals of business process management(Vol. 1, p. 2). Heidelberg: Springer. Harmon, P., 2010. Business process change: A guide for business managers and BPM and Six Sigma professionals. Morgan Kaufmann. Hartnell, C.A., Ou, A.Y. and Kinicki, A., 2011. Organizational culture and organizational effectiveness: a meta-analytic investigation of the competing values framework's theoretical suppositions. Ko, R.K., Lee, S.S. and Wah Lee, E., 2009. Business process management (BPM) standards: a survey. Business Process Management Journal, 15(5), pp.744-791. Rosemann, M. and vom Brocke, J., 2015. The six core elements of business process management. InHandbook on business process management 1(pp. 105-122). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Schein, E.H., 2010.Organizational culture and leadership(Vol. 2). John Wiley Sons. Schmiedel, T., Vom Brocke, J. and Recker, J., 2014. Development and validation of an instrument to measure organizational cultures support of Business Process Management.Information Management,51(1), pp.43-56. kerlavaj, M., temberger, M. I., and Dimovski, V., 2007. Organizational learning culturethe missing link between business process change and organizational performance. International journal of production economics, 106(2), 346-367. Trkman, P., 2010. The critical success factors of business process management.International journal of information management,30(2), pp.125-134. Tumbas, S. and Schmiedel, T., 2013. Developing an Organizational Culture Supportive of Business Process Management. InWirtschaftsinformatik(p. 115). Van Der Aalst, W.M., 2013. Business process management: a comprehensive survey. ISRN Software Engineering, 2013. vom Brocke, J. and Sinnl, T., 2011. Culture in business process management: a literature review.Business Process Management Journal,17(2), pp.357-378. Weske, M., 2012. Business process management architectures. In Business Process Management (pp. 333-371). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

nothing Essays - Team Sports, Alexander Cartwright,

There are many myths surrounding the origins of baseball. Many people believe that a young West Point Cadet named Abner Doubleday invented baseball one day in 1839 while in Cooperstown, New York. That is definitely not true. The Doubleday Myth was first created by a panel of "baseball experts" appointed to determine the origins of the game. The Commission based its conclusions on the testimony of one Abner Graves. History proved that Graves may not have been the most credible witness, however. Just a year later, Mr. Graves shot his wife, was declared criminally insane, and spent the rest of his life in a mental institution. Furthermore, when Doubleday died, he left behind thousands of personal letters. None of them mentioned baseball. It's hard to believe that if the man invented the game, he wouldn't have mentioned it at some point during his lifetime. It is now agreed that Abner Doubleday didn't invent baseball. The Doubleday Myth was perpetuated by the businessmen who founded the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1936 in Cooperstown. They used the myth to establish a geographic link between the new museum and the origins of the game that it honored. Greedy rats Who Invented Baseball? In reality, baseball evolved out of several different "bat and ball" games such as English Rounders, Cricket, and American Town Ball that had been around for centuries. But there is one man who deserves the credit for establishing the fundamental rules of the sport and for organizing the first baseball game. He is Alexander Cartwright. Cartwright was a member of the New York Knickerbockers, a club of young businessmen who regularly played Town Ball to escape the confines of their office lives and get some exercise after work. In 1845, Cartwright and a committee from his club drew up clear rules designed to convert Town Ball into a more elaborate sport. He called it Base Ball. Cartwright actually wrote down his rules for Base Ball, and many of them are still fundamental parts of the game, including the concepts of: (1) fair and foul territory; (2) three strikes per out; (3) three outs per inning; (4) nine players per side; and (5) ninety feet between bases. He also outlawed the Town Ball practice of "soaking a runner," which allowed a defender to hit a runner with the ball to get him out. Given the speed of a Roger Clemens fastball, that particular change was very good for today's players. The first baseball game played under these new rules took place on June 19, 1846 between Cartwright's Knickerbockers and another squad known as the New York Nine. The teams reviewed the Cartwright Rules before the game, and then began the competition. One difference between the First Baseball Game and the current game is that the teams played until one squad reached 21 runs. There were innings, but they were not limited to nine. The New York Nine slaughtered Cartwright's Knickerbockers 21-1. Cartwright eventually moved to California in 1849 to chase the gold rush. On his journey across the country, he introduced baseball to every town he stayed along the way. He later moved to Hawaii and set up formal baseball leagues, which have been credited as the direct precursors of the Major Leagues. In 1953, Congress officially recognized Cartwright as the inventor of modern baseball. Some baseball scholars now challenge this assertion, but to date, there is no proof of an earlier baseball game or an earlier delineation of the formal rules of the game. Unless and until such evidence is unearthed, it should be accepted that Alexander Cartwright invented baseball. Read more: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/When_was_the_first_baseball_game_played#ixzz1IgmoXfNX

How to Write Your Graduate School Admissions Essay

How to Write Your Graduate School Admissions Essay The admissions essay is often the least well-understood part of the graduate school application yet it is critical to your admissions success. The graduate admissions essay or personal statement is your chance to distinguish yourself  from other applicants and let the admissions committee know you apart from your GPA and GRE scores. Your admissions essay can be the deciding factor in whether you are accepted or rejected by a graduate school. Therefore, it is necessary that you write an essay that is honest, interesting, and well organized. How well you structure and organize your application essay can determine your fate. A well-written essay tells the admissions committee that you have the capacity to write coherently, think logically, and do well in grad school. Format your essay to include an introduction, a body, and a concluding paragraph. Essays are often written in response to prompts posed by the grad school. Regardless, organization is key to your success. Introduction: The introduction is the most important part of the essay, especially the first sentence. The first sentence introduces your essay and a bad introduction, in person or in writing, is detrimental to your admissions chances.The first sentence should be unique and compelling, possibly thought provoking or attention-grabbing.First sentences may explain your desire to study the subject of interest or discuss the motivation that influenced your desire to study the subject of interest. State it in a creative manner.The sentences following the first sentence should provide a brief explanation that supports the claim stated in the first sentence.Your goal for the introduction is to entice the reader to continue beyond the first paragraph. The Body: The body includes several paragraphs that provide detailed evidence to support the statements made in the introductory paragraph.Each paragraph should have a transition, which starts each paragraph with a topic statement that will be the theme of that paragraph. This gives the reader a heads up of whats to come. Transitions connect paragraphs to preceding paragraphs, enabling the essay to flow smoothly.Each paragraph should have a resolution, which ends each paragraph with a meaningful sentence that provides a transition to the next paragraph.Experiences, accomplishments or any other evidence that can support your claims should be included in the body. Future goals should also be mentioned in the body.A short summary of your educational background can be discussed in the 1st paragraph of the body.Personal experiences and the reasons for wanting to attend the school can be discussed in the 2nd paragraph.Do not simply repeat what was stated in the application.The last paragraph can exp lain why you are a good match for the program. Conclusion: The conclusion is the last paragraph of the essay.State the key points mentioned in the body, such as your experiences or accomplishments, that explain your interest in the subject. State it in a conclusive and brief manner.Convey your fit to the specific graduate program and field. Your essay should include detail, be personal, and specific. The purpose of the graduate admissions essay is to show the admission committee what makes you unique and different from other applicants. Your job is to display your distinct personality and provide evidence that confirms your passion, desire, and, especially, fit for the subject and the program.

Workbook Summary for Individualized Education Programs Coursework - 1

Workbook Summary for Individualized Education Programs - Coursework Example The level of disability must be able to influence the learning ability. The eligibility test requires the statement on the current academic performance of the child indicating the effect of the disability on the learning 0progress of the child. IDEA 2002 emphasizes on the need for education providers to develop an IEP that conforms to the needs of every student who has specific needs  within  the eligibility tests and regulations of the state with regard to disability (Weishaar, 2001). All areas of suspected disability are evaluated by the school to see if they meet the threshold under the IDEA guidelines. After the evaluation, the school meets the respective parents to undertake the review of the collected disability results and influence the students’ learning. It is the collective responsibility of the school, and parents to determine whether the student requires significant education services. Thereafter, a team is constituted to develop the IEP plan. The team will use the results obtained in the evaluation stage to draft a relevant IEP that responds to the needs (Weishaar, 2001) of the  intended  students. The team developing the IEP should be made up of the student’s parents or guardians, case manager or exceptional education teacher, the student. In addition, at least of the regular education teachers, a person with knowledge about the availability of the school resources can support the intended learning (Weishaar, 2001). The team then drafts the plan by initially identifying the student’s personal information. The team then uses the full individual evaluation (FIE), in order to establish the current level of the student’s academic performance and specific academic services needed by the student. The evaluation information is significant in identifying the academic strength of the student. The functional needs of the student must be

Types of Market Research to Undertake Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Types of Market Research to Undertake - Essay Example The macro-environment involves interactions with technological, socio-cultural, political and economic factors that emanate from without the company’s setting. For instance, since the market for ice ball moulds faces competition from other companies, the following types of research are suggested to be carried out (Loudon et al, 2006, p8). Research will be carried out to determine the level of market penetration by the company and the likelihood of reaching the most remote prospective customer. By facilitating research for market penetration by the company and its competitors, the company will be ensuring that the current market share is maintained and stretched if possible. Research recommendations would give such policies as competitive pricing as well as an aggressive sales promotion for the Soccer Ball Football Ice Mold. The company will ensure that the market dominance is secured by meeting customers’ demand and preferences. Increase in customer orders will be targe ted for research to come with solutions some of which could include loyalty scheme introduction. The existing logistics and distribution networks can be assessed to provide alternative distribution techniques to enhance market development. Product development will be analyzed to determine if the name Soccer Ball Football Ice Mold is enough competitive as a brand name. Market diversification is also another channel to unravel market potential strategies. Research recommendations would give such policies as competitive pricing.

Hw4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hw4 - Essay Example If you are not satisfied with the job selection at any job site, choose another job board. Excellent communication skill in both oral and written English – I have a decent communication skill in English but I still need to improve on it because the job requires excellent communication skills. 11.6 Surviving a Social Business Function The idea of attending a social business function provokes anxiety in many businesspeople. What should you talk about? What should you wear? How can you make sure you maintain your professionalism? Your Task. In groups of two to four, discuss appropriate behavior in four social situations. Decide appropriate attire, suitable topics of conversation, and other etiquette guidelines that you should follow. Present your decisions regarding the following social functions to your instructor in a memo or e- mail: Different occasion has different set of propriety in terms of attire, topic of conversation and other ethical consideration that one must observe to remain appropriate. In a company picnic, it would be proper to wear comfortable casual clothes such as t-shirt, jeans and rubber shoes. It would be nice to talk about pleasantries during this event. During holiday party however, it would be more appropriate to wear smart casual clothes such as polo and a nice slack. It would be appropriate to talk about family and friends during this kind of event. During formal dinner however, one is expected to dress up either in a nice elegant suit or long sleeve polo with equally elegant slacks and leather shoes. It would be appropriate to be witty during conversation because each party is expected to impress the other party. During business luncheon however, one is expected to dress in coat and tie and conversation is expected to revolve around business

Multinational Company Bmw Economic Essay

Multinational Company Bmw Economic Essay BMW is the multinational company that I choose for the assignment. BMW is a company that operating in more than 1 country. They are not only operating in their home country (Germany) but they also operate in many countries like: Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and etc. Beside that BMW also have manufacture in country like UK, USA, Mexico, South Africa and etc. So BMW is proving as a multinational company. BMW Group is one of the worlds largest premium carmakers and BMW is also the parent of the company of BMW MINI and Rolls-Royce car brands, and, formerly, Rover. BMW headquarters in Munich, Germany. The company slogans in English are The Ultimate Driving Machine and Sheer Driving Pleasure. BMW was founded by Karl Friedrich Rapp in October 1913. Automobiles, motorcycles and financial services are three segments that operate by BMW and they manufactured the first passenger car running by hydrogen. BMW manufacturing is plant in Germany, Austria, UK, USA, Mexico, South Africa, Egypt, Brazil, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines and also Vietnam. BMWs main competitors include Acura, Alfa Romeo, Audi, Cadillac, Infiniti, Jaguar, Lexus, Mercedes-Benz and Volvo all of this are consider luxury brands of the car products. Nowadays, BMW is support by 11different types of series which is: BMW C1, BMW 1, 3, 5, 6, 7 series, BMW X3, 5, 6, BMW Z4, BMW M5, BMW M6, and BMW Z4 M. According to the research, shown that there are 2 new divisions for BMW been introduce in October 1, 2007. Which are corporate and brand development will be lead by the director of corporate planning this is focus on the vital for brand management, corporate planning, and strategic implementation BMW. Second, purchasing and supplier network that headed by Dr.Herbert.Diess. The purpose is to reduce the material cost and expenses factor. These are few of the new management strategy that BMW Company is using to operate the c ompany. 15 Sentence of credit crunch in general are stand for credit crunch make it almost impossible to the lender like bank and investor to borrow the money because they become very chary of lending the money to the corporation. They scared of bankruptcies and defaults, which they drive up the price of debt products for borrowers which result in higher rates. The consequence is drag on of recession, which the shrinking of the credit supply wills happens as a result. 2 Credit crunch overall background is starting with the lender like bank are suffering loss because of their previous lending loans, and this make them normally unable and averse to lend the money again to the borrowers. This happen when the borrower in arrears and the properties underlying a defaulted loan and drop in the value. As in this case the borrowers default, the bank can only foreclose on hypothecate and trying to sell this property to compensate the funds they loaned out. Thereby, if the pricing of the house is decreasing, the bank is considered left selling at the cost. The banker capital position is reducing; when they suffer losses which are reduce the amount that they are able to lend out. The lending institutions are requiring keeping down the minimum levels of capital. 3 The reasons that cause to the credit crunch are first: speculation. Many people go to obtain additional loans with very easy terms for instance no initial down payment because it is too easy to gain the credit from the banks so that all of the peoples and investors think that the price will going to increase also. The rapidity increase in property value make investors to jump into the investment with low and no fundamentals. This situation will make the investors to feel that they are missing out and left behind, in case as many investors going to heap up it will cause increasingly unsustainable to the price of property. Next is lack of the regulatory oversight, the distrustful of loans are make by mortgage brokers and bankers, the underwriters who working in the bank are determine whether the ability of the borrowers is there for them to repay the loans and turn a blind eye to what is going on so that the increasing of the profit can see by the loans that they have written. In addit ional, there are others reasons like Adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs) and subprime loans, the repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act, Historically low interest rates, and as well as politics which happen because many of the politicians going to say that the higher of the rate of the home ownership for Americans is better, but what would happen to the economy from the perspective of those that cant afford their homes when an inevitable slowdown occurred.4 The occurring of the credit crunch will actually affect the economy of a country and company in few ways. First, the banker will actually tighten up the credit for all types of loans and become more caution to lending the loans. So that this directly affects the small businesses peoples that who are depend on the loans and the credit to fund their day to day operation and become illiquid. Next, unemployment rises is one of the ways that will affect a company and country where the businesses are unable to pay for all the immediate bills and so that they also facing the problem that they cannot pay for the employees salary and so that caused the situation like unemployment increasing in nationwide. The bankers and the brokerage firms are hit by this credit crunch. Apart of that a spiraling domino effect occurs, above these two economies effects of the economies crisis can make the economy of a country going down and than affect the whole country economy and if the economy of a country continues to going downward, it will lead to the difficult to stop the cycle. 5 On year 2008, America was affected by the serious economy crisis, and their economy is actually hit really hard by this economy crisis. We can see through the secondary data that done by research show that BMW also hit by 2008 economy crisis. According to (Chris Reiter 2010) BMW and Mercedes this two world largest luxury car makers was only sold a combine 31,000 fewer vehicles last month because of the occurring of economy crisis and cause credit crunch that discourage the power purchasing of consumers. The percentage of sales are also falling down 8.3% to 113.005 cars and sport- utility vehicles from 123,300 vehicles a year earlier by BMW Company whose are also owns the Mini and Rolls-Royce auto brands. Next, Auto sales in US BMW as a biggest market also decrease 32 percent in October of 2008 to the lowest monthly total since January 1991. They look back to their 2008 profile target on November BMW plans to cut production by 65,000 cars and SUVs according to (Chris Reiter 2010). Chris Reiter (2010) states that BMW is involved in the extremely changeling market and the vehicles sales are decreasing for the whole year because of this. As what Ian Robertson who are the Munich-based carmakers sales chief said: in a statement today, reiterating a forecast released Nov. 4. The retail gains made in our growth markets were unable to fully offset declines in Western Europe, Japan and the U.S. Chris Reiter (2010) also states that BMW posted 12% drop in Western Europe, 5% drop in US and the worst is Japan drop 34%. Furthermore, David Gow (2010) states that credit crunch put brakes on BMW 2008 also when US economy goes down turn and BMW reported that a step fall down in first quarter earnings. The son company of BMW Mini and Rolls Royce said that the pre-tax profits spilled 25% to ( £505m), dragged down by increased risk provisions, tighter credit and the strong euro. According to (S. wall, S. Minocha, B. Rees, 2010)[case study 4.2 BMW after Rover], show Rover in Britain worsened and hopeless in early of March 2010 due to the strong pound damaging the exports of Rover. Finally Rover sells to Alchemy. This happened and uproar Britain press and politicians because scaring big number of unemployment in Rover and few supplier are located around the region. Alchemy withdrew from bidding process and sell to Phoenix consortium for  £10. Previous 6 years BMW spent total  £34billion to save Rover but posted big losses. The disposal provoked a political storm in Britain, and BMW bosses were someone parliamentary before this. Britain government furious, Milberg (who took over CEO of BMW in 1999) retorted government slow to get the signals he sent in a phone call before the situation worsened. This criticism infuriated the government again. This shows that government and political mess will also cause a problem to a company. Apart from that, the case stud y also stated that the decreasing and increasing of a currency will also give a huge impact to a company. The pounds became stronger and then give a direct effect to the company and destroy their exports businesses are one of the problem that we can see from the case and this may indirectly lead to the occur of credit crunch as well. 14 David Gow (2010) states BMW a 5.6% rise across its three brands to a record 351,787 despite a 9.1% drop in their biggest market, US. The international financial crisis deteriorates the climate for consumer spending became gloomier, it said, pointing to March 2008 as the peak of the crisis. Before this BMW still expect to beat the last year sales record to 1.5m but the USs economy getting worst and lead to the dropping of the profits. The world largest luxury carmaker BMW have became the victims of the credit crunch on 2008. It took a 236 million euro (S$500 million) charge because of falling prices and rising bad debt in the United States. The move is the provision made of the divinable losses in business area. This move could cause to increased nervousness about the impact of the financial crisis on the economy in Europe, even as most companies report robust first-quarter results. This is what reported by The Financial Times. The Click here to find out more!Daimler chief executive Dieter Zetsche says that in 2008 may that month the general car sales of US is fall down this year but the growth in emerging in market can expiation it. 6 In addition, research shows that 2008 BMW sons company MINI has declared that axes 800 redundancies in Cowley, Oxford hire prompting protests from unions over a perceived lack of sensitivity towards the rights of agency workers. The redundancy pay will not received by many of the staffs that who have been made the contract through the agency Manpower. At the same time the sales of the luxury cars are drop very ruggedness, so because of that supermini segment has experienced a less severe downturn driven by a consumer shift to smaller and more economical vehicles. Seen from secondary data, clearly we can see the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT) January figure, the trend towards the smallest segment the mini or city car segment is growing stronger as the recession deepens, with new car registrations up 40.8% on 2008 figures. At British, Mini was one of the last of the car manufacturers that are continue working through these suffering times, but they are not produce an y cars on that relevant week because of to the significant fall in global demand. Around 20% of these 800 axes redundancies are going to tha manufacture like: Jaguar, Nissan and etc. 7 BMW became the first victim of the credit crunch on 24 of April, that who are the world largest luxury carmaker. BMW took a à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬236m ($369m) charge because of falling prices and rising bad debt in the US are showing through the research. But however the pre-tax level is slightly increased compare with last year. 8 The strategy that BMW use to overcome credit crunch are first: that are one of the reason why BMW and Mercedes are teaming up. There are fewer options for OEM (original equipment makers), consolidations of period have gone through by automobile suppliers and this trend is expected to speedup for the next few years. It becomes difficult for the investment capital because credit crunch makes suppliers harder to fund their business. 9 Many organizations are affected by the credit crunch in UK industry and so BMW. But BMW consider one of the successful from them and six awards are goes to BMW and German manufacturer sales rise and new models bring in new customers. Although BMW also affected but they get the award for best small car with the MINI, best small premium car for the 1 Series and best large premium car for the 3 Series. In addition, The 5 Series took the gong for best executive car and the X5 won best SUV and BMW was presented with the Fleet News environmental award for the EfficientDynamics package. 10 Next, BMW also trying to protect himself from credit crunch by helping some of the suppliers. The stronger suppliers are encouraging by BMW to take over weaker supplier in this case and BMW will pay more for the parts, speedup the payment and as well as they will temporary pay higher price for the parts. 11 Apart from that, in UK, during credit crunch the governments are actually asking to help the car manufacture and government helping a litter bit where we just seem it banking sector. According to the research, on that time if the government is still not aware of this problem and the unemployment will become worst and the number of import export within UK and other country will be reduce and shown that UK government will loss  £110 billion revenue and UK  £146.2 billion tax next couple of year if the government despise this case. 12 However, in Malaysia it will still have at least a litter bit effects because of credit crunch but the god strategy need to be prepared to face the credit crunch. According to Briscoe, he believes that the luxury car like BMW needs to have a better positioned for it to growth in the industry when facing difficulty at the economic side. He also said that: There would be an impact but we feel that the volume-based car segment would be more affected than the premium segment. According to him as well in Malaysia market in 2009, was to provide the right car at the right market at the right time. Extra key are they are now focusing on their credit crunch strategy are introduce more diesel powered cars. 13 This are few strategy that BMW done or the place government done to solve the various problem during credit crunch. But actually they are pro and con for every strategy they used and pro and con as well for the helping from the government, it is just depend on each of us to criticize either each of this strategy are falls into pro or con. In my opinion, as the first point I listed above BMW are teaming up with Mercedes, to invest in the suppliers and the next point that BMW are encourage strong supplier to take over weaker suppliers. It is just a good decision I think because it is not a good decision if we just leave our cars part supplier to facing and suffering alone with the credit crunch without any assisting. In the tough time during credit crunch, if we are not helping each other among supplier even competitor we might just die together because of the wrong decision. We can actually helping each other according to our capability like what BMW and the rest done. Next, the ethical issues are very vital for a company. According to (S. wall, S. Minocha, B. Rees, 2010), an organization must make sure that every decision they make, have a conscious ethical content. If it is an internal problem, it maybe about the labour working hours, or their wages problem. When come to the BMW do à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬international business with other country, company must ensure they does not apply their own ethical norms to the foreign country but is conforms to the local customs, and ethical as well as morality enough when making any of the business decision and also during economy crisis. Although the company situation is worse and worried but any decision making by BMW will be ethical enough; example during credit crunch any methods using to solve the credit crunch problem, it must be with ethical.

Against Nuclear Tests :: essays research papers

On the morning of August 6, 1945, first ever nuclear armed force was carried out by the United States of America in Japan. Three days later, another one was dropped. Hiroshima and Nagasaki have suffered nuclear explosions, causing immediate deaths of around 100,000 to 200,000 people and even more over time which was and remains controversial. Nuclear warhead is a device which ejects radioactive isotopes (massive heat) with a diameter as large as a metropolis within fraction of a second killing everyone around it. Countries spend dollars on these nukes which in turn kills thousands of innocent people, the aftermath of its devastating force contaminate the environment, and may very well cause mutation on humans. These are the reasons why no country should practice any nuclear devices for any purpose. Country spends billions of dollars to develop nuclear tests which will benefit no one on this planet. Each country strives to be superior to others by developing stronger armed devices which other countries cannot counteract. This concludes that there are no other vital uses for these warheads other than war. The quantity of lives lost in wars cannot be compared to the elimination of nuclear bomb. There are people who are against wars and families who live peacefully still suffer. Also many children’s lives that have no conscious of what is happening are being destroyed. It’s not right for the innocent people to suffer for other’s wrong actions. It’s a matter of seconds that such device can destroy a city. The purpose this device holds for developed countries is to kill, but from the perspectives of third world countries, it’s all bad news for the nature of this planet. Plants cannot be sowed around the area of Hiroshima. It has been 60 years and the soil is still radioactive. After the bombing of Japan, residues of the bomb float around in the atmosphere and may very well blown to other country and affect other people. This device limits land usage and also clearing of trees and plants (deforestation). Habitats are destroyed as well as families and animals are lost. If several more bombs were dropped, the planet would become off balance. Then humans as well as animals cannot live on Earth. The death toll of nuclear bombing will always be uncertain. This is not an average explosion where victims can walk away with minor injuries. The explosion gives off Uranium or Plutonium rays which will penetrate through human skins and either destroys or does severe damage to the body’s DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid).

Advertising and Fashion Retailing Project Report

It is no longer a question of identifying your customers by age, geography or income, but looking into how and why they buy, based on their DOD, beliefs and the occasion. So far as in marketing field consumer buying is mainly based on either knowledge or perceived needs. When we had different surveys at different universities and colleges and in different gatherings related to fashion we came to know about that consumer comes across many genuine problems while purchasing different products and services(especially related to fashion products).It is important for a good marketing manager to have a sharp eye over these problems irrespective to the locality of retailing of your product. These can be classified as * Problem/Need Recognition * Information search Evaluation of different purchase options. * Purchase decision More over there are many other factors which have a great influence on buying habits of a customer. These are some common factors which ought to be in mind of those who want to enter in any pre-teen market. Next was to listen to the habits of those where we want to place our product.Near FIFO mark, we felt the smell of both the middle class and elite class. Also it is great opportunity to enter into a market where your regular customers come to buy product forebear by shops. So you need to make your market from scratch because some of the marketing home is already done by your competitors. It's a common belief that nomenclature's INFLUENCES his/her behavior the most. Obviously this culture helps them developing these opinions, attitudes and beliefs. These factors will influence their purchase behavior.However other factors like groups of friends, or people they look up to may influence their choices of purchasing a particular product or service. Marketing and advertising obviously influence consumers in trying to evoke them to purchase a particular product or service. People's social status will also impact their behavior. What is their role within society? Are they Actors? Doctors? Office worker? And mothers and fathers. The lifestyle of someone who earns 250000Rs would clearly be different from someone who earns 2500 RSI. Also celebrities have an influence on buying decision.So for the reason we have also requested SOFIA EMIR and NAOMI ANSI to come at our exhibition as a chief guest. Whether the person is extrovert (out going and spends on entertainment) or introvert (keeps to themselves and purchases via online or mail order) again has an impact on the types of purchases made. I would love to code here a theory of â€Å"ABRAHAM MASON'S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS†. He suggests individuals aim to meet basic psychological needs of hunger and thirst. When this has been met they then move up to the next stage of the hierarchy. Hence, we have to reach to the level to Pakistani society and culture.So Mason's concept is useful for marketers as it can help them understand and develop consumer needs and wants. We are not unaware of t he fact as this directly point out the economic condition of PAKISTAN. We tried to not to make our products and services in access major for middle class. This is one of our marketing strategy as well as social responsibility. FASHION FORECASTING Fashion forecasting is a crucial and complex marketing strategy which requires a complete hold on marketing research. Fashion forecasting is the prediction of mood, behavior and buying habits of the consumer.ALLURE will be the future efficient indicator to forecast the direction in which fashion will move. Fashion forecasting will be our solid link to create a good market. We will look for prophetic as well as profitable styles and ideas that capture the mood of the times and signal a new fashion trend. We are well aware of the fact that if we need aloud on to fashion role s a pioneer and want to enhance its brand image, fashion has to continue to innovate. The task of fashion fore casting will be accomplished by the managers (owner of bout ique) as we are done with our complete study on fashion marketing.Forecasting of fashion is an initial step which is then understood, practiced and then applied. Forecasting the future demand for particular styles, fabrics and colors is an important aspect of the fashion industry. It's a common routine of textiles specialists that they work for two year ahead to determine general guidelines for each fashion season. This is because of when once some fashion is forecasted then it takes about 1-2 year of regular hard work to take the fashion from our mind to the practical market.Forecasting of fashion can be divided into two categories: * Short term fashion forecasting * Long term fashion forecasting For us as we are going to setup a preteen market we decided to work on short term forecasting. At a introduction stage of our boutique hireling so much labor and services for the purpose of forecasting of fashion won't be a great idea. As discussed earlier this Job will be done by us (owne rs). Later on we will subscribe to one or more arrives, whose Job will be to scan the market and report on the developments in color, textiles and style directions.Major trends in lifestyles, attitude and culture in particular music, sport, cinema and television are used to predict changing consumer demand. This process involves the following activities such as studying market conditions, noting the life style of the people, researching sales statistics, evaluating popular designer collections, surveying fashion publications, observing street fashions etc French companies based in Paris have traditionally dominated fashion forecasting. The point arises that why are we lacking behind and how are they leading us.Forecasting is more than Just attending runway shows and picking out potential trends that can be knocked off at lower prices (although that is part of it) but this is a wrong practice which is being followed by our so called fashion National designers. Instead they need to un derstand that it is a process that spans shifts in color and styles, changes in lifestyles and buying patterns. The keywords behind the successful fashion forecasting is good consumer research, color forecasting, textile development, range of shows (operating over the 16 months preceding counterbalancing Innovation, Cultural Indicators etc.Keeping a fact in the mind we have made a unique collection of . After the forecasting based on practical figures we hope that the collection we are going to present on exhibition will be a complete innovative collection among all boutiques. When we started our research on colors and upcoming styles it looked a little difficult but as soon as we got into it completely, things became clearer. Making decisions about expected favorable colors of next summer was crucial task. Different experimental shows, runways and large or small exhibitions we managed to do help us a lot in this matter.We came to know about the taste of people of segmented market a nd their positive and negative response about different outfit's colors and embellishments and all. By the grace of God most of the times people respond with great appreciation and thus we got our stray to achieve our goal. INCOME LEVEL Frequent losses are expected in the first few years of any operations due to initial investments and expenditures but once we are stabilized, this boutique will become a good source of income for us. Entry Barriers I . Large Indian and multinational companies hold around 65% of the market.

A Guide to Harvards Online Certificate Programs

A Guide to Harvard's Online Certificate Programs Harvard Extension School students can choose from more than 100 online courses taught by Harvards distinguished faculty. As you would expect, these classes are challenging and require a significant time commitment. The majority of extension school professors are Harvard affiliates, but some teachers come from other universities as well as businesses. No special requirements are needed to enroll in Harvard Extension Schools online courses. All courses have an open-enrollment policy. As Harvard explains, A certificate demonstrates to employers that you have acquired a certain body of knowledge in a field. The courses for each certificate give you the opportunity to gain a currently relevant background for a field or profession. And the educational quality of the Harvard Extension School is widely recognized by employers. Harvard Extension School Certificates Harvards online program is accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges, a  regional accreditor. Students can take Harvard’s online courses individually or enroll in a degree or certificate program. In order to earn a certificate, new students must take five classes. There are no other admissions or capstone requirements. Students desiring no on-campus work may earn a Certificate in Environmental Management, a Certificate in Applied Sciences, a Citation in East Asian Studies, or a Citation in Web Technologies and Applications completely online. Other programs have mandatory residencies. A bachelors degree may be completed by taking four on-campus courses in addition to online work. Masters programs with limited residencies include  liberal arts, management, biotechnology, environmental management, and information technology. Open Admissions Individual classes at Harvard Extension School have an open-admissions policy. Certificate courses are conducted at the graduate level, so most students have already completed their undergraduate education. In order to complete the courses, students should also be proficient in English. By enrolling in the courses themselves, students will be able to determine if the level of coursework is appropriate for their experience. Costs Harvard Extension School tuition averages approximately $2,000 per course, as of May 2017. Although this price is more expensive than some online programs, many students feel they are receiving an Ivy League education for the price of a state-funded school. Federal financial aid is not available for students enrolled in degree or certificate programs through the extension program. Something to Consider Although the extension school is part of the university, earning a certificate from Harvard does not make you a Harvard alum. As Harvard explains, Most Extension School graduate degrees require 10 to 12 courses. With only five courses and no admissions requirements, certificates offer a quicker path to a professional development credential... Since the on-campus and online certificates are not degree programs, certificate awardees do not participate in Commencement or receive alumni status. Interested students may also want to look at other prestigious colleges offering certificate programs, including eCornell, Stanford, and UMassOnline. Experts generally recommend that students take online classes due to their relevance and their potential for advancement in a particular field, rather than their association with an Ivy League institution. However, some career counselors argue that a certificate from a prestigious school can help make your resume stand out from the crowd.

China and India’s Resistance to Cultural Change Essays

China and India’s Resistance to Cultural Change Essays China and India’s Resistance to Cultural Change Essay China and India’s Resistance to Cultural Change Essay China and India’s Resistance to Cultural Change Name: Course: Institution: Instructor: Date: Introduction Culture refers to a society’s way of life. Despite the fact that this changes over time, people defined by a unique culture are often resistant to change. In the past centuries, the Europeans were determined to conquer various territories in relation to trade and culture. They believed that their culture was necessary for civilization and, therefore, dominated China and India among other colonies with their tradition and culture. The encounter Europeans had with China and India in the late 16th century to the end of the 17th century, provoked cultural resistance from the communities (Gluck Embree, 1997). What was termed as modernity by the westerners was deemed by China and India, as the dilution of the basic values that were already inculcated in the communities prior to the arrival of Europeans. To determine the legacy that resulted from the encounter, it is important to explore the historical cultural factors that caused the differences in outcomes. Discussion The aim of Europeans in the encounter was to instill their traditions in the belief system of the Chinese and Indians. Trade was a major factor that linked Spain with China and India. According to Butler (2007), people from China and India exchanged fine silk with American Silver from Spaniards. The Europeans explored Africa in search of trade routes that linked Africa and Asia to establish their power through trade for silver and gold. Unlike Africans, China and India did not give in to the European power (Booth et al, 2000). Nevertheless, Europeans practiced and allowed for syncretism in a bid to get better results from the blended cultures. China and India resisted cultural change because their belief system was already deeply rooted in their own cultural values. Hence, the degree of cultural change caused by the westerners in the countries was minimal (AUK, n.d). Cultural syncretism occurred in the Americas and Africa but not in China and India. People in China and India assumed that they should maintain their culture indefinitely because it had been static for a long time. Their ethnocentrism played a crucial role in the resistance to change with their beliefs embedded in their past traditions and rituals. The religions of these countries differed with that of the westerners, which encouraged capitalism. Their religions were mainly Hinduism, Buddhism and Judaism, which showed capitalism to be centered on materialistic attitudes rather than esteemed societal values. The European culture was achievement oriented, valued work, education and religious pluralism. On the other hand, in the Chinese and Indian culture, literacy was only for some people, promoted religious monopoly and people found satisfaction and pleasure away from work. According to Gluck Embree (1997), China viewed trade as a crucial aspect. Most of the Europeans who targeted China and India were Christian missionaries. According to Gluck Embree (1997), individual westerners who were more culturally aggressive were successful in gaining access to Asia through imperialism. The Christian missionaries from Europe faced extreme hostility from the Chinese who were against the western culture. â€Å"Both in India and elsewhere, people of an Islamic tradition would prove singularly resistant to Western cultural influence, whatever their ethnicity. The reasons for this are uncertain, but probably relate to the unique linkage of religious with secular life in the Islamic religion (Gluck Embree, 1997). China was dominated by a cohesive Confucian worldview showed by the elites acquiring extraordinary power and this culture created resistance to cultural change planned by the Europeans. The Confucian worldview in China was prestigious because it allowed for the articulation of ethical, social and political values. Gluck Embree (1997) further explain that the Chinese only accepted the most superficial western values, which would benefit China. The country embraced the education reform later past the 19th century when modern forms of knowledge were introduced among students. In the 16th century, the significance of Europeans in Asia was shown by the influence of Jesuit savants in Peking. The Asian communities did not take the ideas of the Jesuit savants seriously. The Europeans only left an indirect impact on them such as the introduction of American food crops. This led to an influx in population growth, in China’s Manchu (Qing), after Asians incorporated the food crops in their diet. From 1498 to the 1750s, Asia had western empires, which controlled small areas in small-scale units. In India, the fall of the Mughal Empire made the small-scale units of the Eu ropeans significant among the Indians. The differences in the types of European encounters and degrees of cultural change have left legacies in the post-modern times. Countries such as Japan, that embraced the European concepts of civilization, had strong economies and developed technology. In China, the Manchu rulers from the Qing Dynasty (1644-1912) integrated an activist approach into Confucian school of thought and modernized the state-society relationship (Gluck Embree, 1997). China began encouraging the market economy. â€Å"Fiscal reform during the reign of the Yongzheng emperor (1723-35) helped address the chronic problem of local government revenue shortages in the late imperial period and enhanced the ability of local government to fund road, bridge and ferry projects and assist in land reclamation and flood control (Gluck Embree, 1997).† The traditional bureaucracy was challenged by China’s population growth that resulted from the revamped economy. India maintained social harmony but became atta ched to specific British ideas and political processes so that it could attain freedom. Conclusion Cultural change in a society is gradual and is determined by various factors. India and China resisted the cultural change introduced by Europeans because both communities had established a strong belief system prior to the arrival of the westerners. However, in the 19th and 20th century, both countries adopted some form of European civilization even though it was minimal. Because of the change, their economies and welfare were boosted leading to notable legacies. References AUK (n.d). Legacy: West 7 the World. Chapter 9. Imperialism, Colonialism Resistance in the 19th Century. Retrieved from markville.ss.yrdsb.edu.on.ca/history/west/ch9imperialism.pdf Butler, C. (2007). Early voyages of Exploration (c. 1400-1550). Retrieved from flowofhistory.com/units/west/12/FC81 Disney, A. R., Booth, E., Vasco Da Gama Quincentenary Conference. (2000). Vasco da Gama and the linking of Europe and Asia. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. Gluck, C. Embree, T. A. (1997). Asia and Western and World History: A Guide for Teaching. M. E Sharpe.

How should we use the public space Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

How should we use the public space - Essay Example This essay deals with public spaces and private interests, which clash to abridge our rights. Let us look for a meaning of the two words ‘public space’. Word ‘Public’ is an adjective which connotes ‘open to all / accessible to all / not private, and, the word ‘Space’ is a noun meaning in this context, ‘an area / expanse’. So in essence, a public space is an expansive area, open to all and one which is not private. Or so, as most of us would like to think. Historically speaking public spaces always existed. The agoras of the ancient Greeks, the chaupals of the northern India and the temple premises of the southern India, the Hyde Park in London are some of the examples of public spaces where people gathered to participate in public discourses. Public interaction and free exchange of opinions and ideas have always resulted in progress of social, political and economical awareness, for the good of the humanity. Modernization and migration of rural populations to urban areas had a significant impact on the traditional meaning and purpose of public spaces. Rampant commercialization is encroaching more and more into our open spaces. Large open spaces with natural endowments like trees, brooks, hills, green fields and meadows are now confined to countryside only and are non-existent in cities, towns and suburbs. While the populations are shifting to suburban areas for reasons of cleaner air and peaceful environs, the natural open spaces even in those areas are also being converted to shopping malls, manicured gardens, water sport centers or walking tracks with a toll gate! These are the neo-public spaces with a private fee, like the neocons with an axe or two to grind. The fast pace of life leaves us practically no time for a stroll round the corner for a quiet chat. With the electronic media blaring its ‘breaking news’ every

Plea Bargaining in the United States Criminal Justice System Essay

Plea Bargaining in the United States Criminal Justice System - Essay Example lude reading the charges and allowing the accused to make a plea, which might be stating whether they are guilty, or acceptance through lack of contestation usually referred to as nolo contendere. The nature of plea entered by the defendant implicates the judicial process in several ways, particularly if the course of the proceedings depends on the powers of the prosecutor (Schmalleger, 2011). Plea bargaining involves the agreement between the involved parties, mainly the prosecutor and the defense team to reach a consensus on the plea entered with the authority of the court. It may appear counterproductive for instance to enter a not-guilty plea while the facts before the court indicate that the case will be lost by the defendant. Alternatively, plea bargaining may occur on request of the prosecution if the evidence in the possession of the prosecution does not amount to a case strong enough to defeat the prosecution. In summary, plea bargains control the judicial process to avoid spending of resources and time by engaging in a process that arrive at conclusions that could guide the process if otherwise received in the beginning of the trial. Plea bargaining takes three potential areas of interest for the parties to engage in negotiations, with charge bargaining, sentence bargaining and fact bargaining forming different perspectives for trade-in. This discussion highlights the first two areas of bargaining (charge and sentence) for purposes of differentiating how the negotiations proceed (Schmalleger, Siegel and Worrall, 2011). In terms of charge bargaining, the prosecutor and defense team revisit the particular counts of criminal offences pursued by the prosecution so as to arrive at an agreement founded on the case probabilities. The prosecutor convinces the defendant to enter the guilty plea on lesser charges while other charges are dropped in order to save the process from long undue procedures. As an illustration, the defendant may accept an offer to

Feasibility of hotel to implement changes in strategy Speech or Presentation

Feasibility of hotel to implement changes in strategy - Speech or Presentation Example A British scientist Charles Darwin wrote that survival does not belong to the strongest, but rather those that adapt more easily to change. For change in strategy to be implemented a feasibility study has to be taken. Change in strategy at hotel Penang Mutiara is visible due to these factors; The flexibility of the management is possible because this can be attested to the fact that the hotel can cope up with unexpected requests by customers this is evident from the fact that a hotel can have someone look for camembert cheese when asked by a guest since they don’t have it.This assures the guests of dependable services and satisfaction. (Gregory, G.,Lumpkin,G.&Marilyn,L04).The strategy of the hotel to cope with influx of guests is feasible because the hotel has already moved to a system of having multi-skilled works to cope up with the needs the hotel has proved this also by having them call stuff from other hotels and restaurants to the do the job.This is the flexibility that is needed for the management to work effectively and efficiently. This proves that the hotel can have a better system which is more effective by having a on and off system of hiring labour and retraining the current workers to be multi-skilled or rehiring multi-skilled workers.Changes to make sure Quality of services are there is necessary to be in place; in the case for this hotel the guest can lose their luggage on transit to the hotel.

Heat Detector Essay Example for Free

Heat Detector Essay When present, humans can be excellent fire detectors. The healthy person is able to sense multiple aspects of a fire including the heat, flames, smoke, and odors. For this reason, most fire alarm systems are designed with one or more manual alarm activation devices to be used by the person who discovers a fire. Unfortunately, a person can also be an unreliable detection method since they may not be present when a fire starts, may not raise an alarm in an effective manner, or may not be in perfect heath to recognize fire signatures. It is for this reason that a variety of automatic fire detectors have been developed. Automatic detectors are meant to imitate one or more of the human senses of touch, smell or sight. Thermal detectors are similar to our ability to identify high temperatures. The properly selected and installed automatic detector can be a highly reliable fire sensor. Our automatic fire alarm system is designed to detect the unwanted presence of fire by monitoring environmental changes associated with combustion. In general, our fire alarm system is classified as either automatically actuated, manually actuated, or both. Automatic fire alarm systems are intended to notify the building occupants to evacuate in the event of a fire or other emergency, report the event to an off-premises location in order to summon emergency services, and to prepare the structure and associated systems to control the spread of fire and smoke. Whenever the system detects a high temperature, the fire alarm will inform the area and send a text message to the fire station and will inform them the specific block/area in the subdivision which is on fire. GSM/GPRS module is used to establish communication between a computer and a GSM-GPRS system. Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) is an architecture used for mobile communication in most of the countries. In our system, we will be using GSM modem Nokia 6300 for the output of text. The device will send a text message to the nearest fire station and will inform which house is on fire. Control Panel The control panel is the brain of the fire detection and alarm system. It is responsible for monitoring the various alarm input devices such as manual and automatic detection components, and then activating alarm output devices such as horns, bells, warning lights, emergency telephone dialers, and building controls. Control panels may range from simple units with a single input and output zone, to complex computer driven systems that monitor several buildings over an entire campus. Upon fire occurrence, one or more detectors will operate. This action closes the circuit, which the fire control panel recognizes as an emergency condition. The panel will then activate one or more signaling circuits to sound building alarms and summon emergency help. The panel may also send the signal to another alarm panel so that it can be monitored from a remote point. Alarm Output Devices Upon receiving an alarm notification, the fire alarm control panel must now tell someone that an emergency is underway. This is the primary function of the alarm output aspect of a system. Occupant signalling components include various audible and visual alerting components, and are the primary alarm output devices. All fire alarm systems require notification devices, including sirens, bells, horns, and/or strobes. In residential applications, each automatic alarm initiating device when activated shall cause the operation of an alarm notification device that shall be clearly audible in all bedrooms over ambient or background noise levels (at least 15dB above noise) with all intervening doors closed. Bells are the most common and familiar alarm sounding device, and are appropriate for most building applications. Horns are another option, and are especially well suited to areas where a loud signal is needed such as library stacks, and architecturally sensitive buildings where devices n eed partial concealment. In this case, we will be using Siren as the alarm output device. Some of the major benefits of installation of fire alarms are as follows. †¢ Safety is the most important reason why we should have fire alarms in our house, even before a fire breaks out, the smoke detectors tell you there is a possibility of a fire and you can safely be out of danger. Secondly being pre informed about a possible fire, a prompt message can be conveyed to the fire workers. As a result of this, damage can be minimized and valuables can be saved from being burnt to ashes. †¢ A house with a fire alarm is a safer house and fetches a far better price in the real estate market. The customers feel secured when they see that they are opting for a property that has the safety measures installed. †¢ Using a fire alarm is a cost effective way to ensure that your assets are not in danger. Being noted beforehand you can move them out quickly thus saving your valuables from being burnt. †¢ The alarm works even when nobody is in the house and thus alerts the neighbours. This way your home can be protected from any major damages. Limitations of our Heat Sensor †¢ Heat detectors do not sense particles of combustion and are designed to alarm only when heat on their sensors increase at a predetermined rate or reaches a predetermined level. Heat detectors are designed to protect property, not life. †¢ Warning devices (including horns, sirens, and bells) may not alert people or wake up sleepers who are located on the other side of closed or partially open doors. A warning device that activates on a different floor or level of a dwelling or structure is less likely to awaken or alert people. Even persons who are awake may not notice the warning if the alarm is muffled by noise from a stereo, radio, air conditioner or other appliance, or by passing traffic. Audible warning devices may not alert the hearing-impaired (strobes or other devices should be provided to warn these people). Any warning device may fail to alert people with a disability, deep sleepers, people who have recently used alcohol or drugs, or people on medication or sleeping pills. Temperature Sensor The Thermistor Thermistors are temperature sensitive resistors. All resistors vary with temperature, but thermistors are constructed of semiconductor material with a resistivity that is especially sensitive to temperature. However, unlike most other resistive devices, the resistance of a thermistor decreases with increasing temperature. Thats due to the properties of the semiconductor material that the thermistor is made from. A Thermistor is a temperature dependent resistor. When temperature changes, the resistance of the thermistor changes in a predictable way. Sensor Advantages and Disadvantages [pic] Each sensor type has advantages and disadvantages. For thermistors, the major advantages are: Sensitivity: This allows thermistors to sense very small changes in temperature. Accuracy: Thermistors offer both high absolute accuracy and interchangeability. Cost: For the high performance they offer, thermistors are very cost-effective. Ruggedness: Because of their construction, thermistors are very rugged. Flexibility: Thermistors can be configured into a wide variety of physical forms, including very small packages. Hermetic Seal: Glass encapsulation provides a hermetic package, eliminating moisture induced sensor failure. Surface Mount: A wide range of sizes and resistance tolerances are available. Of the thermistor disadvantages, typically only self-heating is a design consideration. Proper care must be taken to limit the sensing current to a low enough value that self-heat error is minimized to an acceptable value. Types of Thermistors Thermistor Elements The thermistor element is the simplest form of thermistor. Because of their compact size, thermistor elements are commonly used when space is very limited. OMEGA offers a wide variety of thermistor elements which vary not only in form factor but also in their resistance versus temperature characteristics. Since thermistors are non-linear, the instrument used to read the temperature must linearize the reading. Linear Response Thermistor Elements For applications requiring thermistors with linear response to temperature change, OMEGA offers linear components. These unique devices consist of a thermistor composite for temperature sensing and an external resistor composite for linearizing. Thermistor Probes The standalone thermistor element is relatively fragile and cannot be placed in a rugged environment. OMEGA offers thermistor probes which are thermistor elements embedded in metal tubes. Thermistor probes are much more suitable for industrial environments than thermistor elements. Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD) RTDs (Resistive Temperature Detectors) serve as the standard for precision temperature measurements due to their excellent repeatability and stability characteristics. RTDs provide the designer with an absolute result that is fairly linear over temperature. The RTD’s linear relationship between resistance and temperature simplifies the implementation of signal conditioning circuitry. The RTD requires external current excitation, as well as signal conditioning to account for lead wire effects and self-heating. Analog Devices supplies the ADT70, which provides both excitation and signal conditioning for a platinum RTD. The output of this device (5 mv/ °C) is be fed through an analog to digital converter, to be converted by the DSP to temperature readings.

Business Plan And Executive Summary For A Gym Business Essay

Business Plan And Executive Summary For A Gym Business Essay Executive Summary The location of the gym will be on a main road with good parking facilities. This will help the gym grow with members as it attracts people because of the location and give people advantages to join the gym with ample parking. There isnt much history about the gym because it is a band new business but the idea came to me about 5 months ago when i wasnt satisfied with what other gyms offered to customers. The business is situated in the retail sector because it provides gym equipment to people who dont have room at their houses or they cannot afford all the equipment themselves. The Prime function of the business is to provide gym equipment to people as well as help them achieve their fitness goals. The gym offers a wide range of products and equipment starting from bags, drinks and clothing to dumbells, treadmills and benches. (Cambridge Preliminary Business Studies page 269) Purpose of the Plan There can be many purposes for a business plan. The plan should provide a firm with a clear direction for the future and identifies the main goals of the business. / The goals of the gym would be social, financial and environmental goals. The social goals that the gym would like to achieve would be good service to patrons that use the facilities, helping the community through sponsorships of local sporting clubs and helping out schools through conducting sport lessons in the gym. Financial goals that the gym would like achieve would be to increase the owners wealth through increased market share, increased level of cash flow and increased level of liquidity. But increasing wealth is one of the objectives. The other financial objective would be to minimise the wastage of money on items or products that will not help the gym grow and not falling into heavy debt. Environmental goals that the gym would like to achieve would be to use electricity efficiently, install energy efficient appliances, minimise waste and disposing of the waste properly. (Cambridge Preliminary Business Studies page 269) v Situational Analysis Internal External ac4 Strengths (lob ortunities †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Good assistance provided by employees Great membership deals Cheap prices Good location r †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Weaknesses Threats †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Not enough employees when business is busy Toilet facilities too small Security Poor Receptionist †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ (Cambridge Preliminary Business Studies page 248) Business Objectives and Strategies The business objectives and strategies section of the business plan outlines what the business aims to achieve, including overall strategic goals. These goals will be based on research from the situational analysis. The Objectives of the Gym are to try and eliminate the weaknesses in the business and make them one of the strengths by working on them with one another and also to improve on strengths and try to make them stronger. Another Objective would be to take every opportunity possible to help the business grow and try to work around keeping threats away from the business. The final Objective would be to improve financial wealth for the owner and to build a good reputation within the community so people feel invited and welcomed when they visit the gym. These objectives can be accomplished through employees and owner working together. This means that employees can help one another with weaknesses and improve on strengths each person has to offer. Also, the owner must be willing to spend money for the improvement of the business. These improvements will include things like renovations when needed, sponsorships and buying extra stock. (Cambridge Preliminary Business Studies page 271) Operations Description of the service The technology used will be modern. The use of big televisions near treadmills and cardiovascular equipment will help people enjoy themselves while exercising. Memberships, cash transactions, and general business will be done on computers set up on the front counter and in the main office. This will include eftpos facilities, printers, cash register connected to computer. If possible that all 3 computers be linked so memberships can be done on all 3 computers and make renewals, show current members, on these computers. This will make work more convenient. Equipment and materials required will be based on how big the gym is and how quickly the business grows. Equipment required will be: Medicine balls †¢ Accessories †¢ Boxing Gear Gym flooring †¢ Barbells †¢ Cable Attachments Weight plates †¢ Benches †¢ Dumbells Materials that will be required will be things that are needed for day-to-day operations. These materials are: Filing Cabinets . Noticeboard †¢ Paper Lockers †¢ Shop Fittings . Pens Fridges . Office Furniture †¢ Chairs Supplies that will be used will include: Supplements †¢ Gym Singlets . Membership Packages Gym Equipment †¢ Sports Drinks (Bag, Towel, Bottle) Staff Uniform Staff will need to have a Timetable/Roster to inform them when they are working. This roster will be completed every Saturday. For the Staff that do not work on the weekends or dont have a chance to see the roster, the roster will be emailed to all staff members on the Saturday. This will eliminate the excuse of not knowing when and what time staff are working. The testing and evaluating expenses would be high because of the large amount of equipment needed to start up and also the sophistication of the technology used in the gym. The supplies would cost a bit because of the never ending need for it. (Cambridge Preliminary Business Studies page 271) Personnel requirements and skills The gym should recruit staff according to their qualifications and experience. Staff that are recruited should all specialise in a target area which they occupy during their work times at the gym. Examples of this would be some workers may only be on the front counter, working on the computers. Others may be working on cardio and strength exercises. This will keep things running smoothly and be more convenient for patrons to benefit from these people. The staff would be qualified personal trainers with a certificate III and certificate IV in personal training. ersonal trainers have added qualifications in weight loss, strength training and fitness which are an added bonus. The employer should check to see if the possible employee is qualified because in that industry, there are unqualified people calling themselves personal trainers. Training new and present workers on new technology that gets installed into the gym. Things such as new exercise machines and equipment need to be used in the right way to ensure things are safe and that equipment is stored correctly for safety. Employees need to know what the expectations are when it comes to helping patrons and becoming a leader for new/younger employees. Also understanding what working at a gym involves in regards to how you conduct yourself in front of others, coming to work on time etc. Employees should be able to stay motivated and maintain a good standard of work. This will happen if there is a reward system put in place where workers would get rewarded for doing something extra or working longer. This will become an initiative to keep workers working at a high standard, keep patrons happy and ensuring they come back to the gym knowing they are going to get good service. A safe and healthy work environment is essential for workers to be able to work in a comfortable environment where they can feel relaxed and work to their full potential. This should include a workers office where they can sit and relax during lunch breaks, freshen up; keep all their belongings in a locker. This also shows them that you are thinking about how they feel and try to make things the best as possible. Measuring employee performance would come from 3 main places. One of their evaluations,Will come from their work mates. Other evaluations would come from patrons through a short evaluation sheet which is optional to fill out after a worker has completed a training session with them. The last evaluation will come from the manager/boss talking to the worker themselves. This shows how the workers feels and get their honest opinion on how things could be improved around the gym. / Challenges that would be experiences throughout the operations element would be the high costs in setting up the business and the first few periods where business is slow and not so busy. The equipment should be set out properly and this would be hard with a small area to work with. The qualified employees will be a challenge to find because they are already working or they are almost finished studying to become a personal trainer. This becomes costly because you have to offer the people that are already working a better pay per hour or better salary. Training them to work in a gym would be time consuming because it is based on being good around people and having confidence to talk to therm. (Cambridge Preliminary Business Studies page 272, http://en.wikipedia,org/wiki/Personal_trainer} C(.5 Marketing Market Analysis The target market the gym would aim at would be a various number of groups of people. One of these groups of people would be people looking to lose weight through proper exercises and having excellent to guide them through their weight loss journey. The other target market would be people looking to train and gain muscle size as well as muscular strength. The other group of people would be woman, men and teens that are looking for good cardio sessions with a qualified trainer. These sessions will be a combination of light weights, treadmills and bikes. The gym will aim to provide these groups of people with the facilities and good environment to exercise in. As the gym grows, it needs to develop new things to attract people. Something that should be done is to invite local schools for their sport time and take them through a cardio session or a weights session depending on what the majority want to do. These activities should be free of charge for the first term, and a small charge for the sessions after the first term. This attracts teens to become a member and in turn, they will tell their mates to become a member. This leads to a quicker growth and a positive outcome on first timers. Competitors are a very influential factor on your business. They are influential because they determine what you charge for your membership fees, visitor fees and for supplies like shirts and supplements. This means not only do your prices have to be competitive, but your products and services that you are offering have to be of high quality. This is because people are willing to pay a little extra for their good or service but know that they are spending that little extra for top quality. If your prices and quality of goods and services are better that your competitors, it ultimately gives you the competitive advantage over them. (Cambridge Preliminary Business Studies page 274) Sales Forecasting Sales forecasting is an analysis of a firms sales figures based on individual products, sales representatives, geographic locations, seasonal or annual trends in sales, cash sales or credit card sales. These statistics are used to predict how much profit is going to be made by the firm in the future. It would be hard to create a sales forecast with a newly opened business. This is because the statistics that are provided are short term. Statistics should be at least one year old to show trends in consumer spending. One statistic that can show a future boom in the gym business is the winter season. People tend to join gyms during the winter, work out so their body looks good for the summer seasons. Another figure that is constant is the sale of supplements. These supplements are in constant demand and this is why the sales are always up. One other statistic would be the sale of supplies including towels, bottles, drinks, shirts and singlets. With these statistics and overall plan, business owners will be able to predict when they need to get more supplies, hire or call in more staff, and prepare themselves for the times where business isnt very busy. This would give business owners an advantage because it can help them in deciding how much supply they need, and avoid over-hiring. (Cambridge Preliminary Business Studies page 276) Marketing Strategies Marketing strategies will be directed towards achieving specific objectives that support the strategic goals of the business. Some goals may simply be based on increased sales, increased market share, entry into and establishment in a new market area, such as overseas, diversification of the product base and increased profits. Marketing strategies must be consistent throughout the marketing mix and take into consideration product, promotion, price and place. Studies page 278)There are many products and services that the gym offers. The products that the gym offers include gym apparel, bags, bottles and towels. These products are all of high quality and made by Skins USA. The packaging of these products are of high standard. They all come in sealed plastic bags. The size of the bags, bottles and towels are all practical in size. Not too big and not too small. The warranty on the products last for an extended period of time which suggests the quality is high and producers are confident that products are durable. If the product does fail, the gym will happily replace it within reason. Example, the bottle breaks because of misuse. The price of the gyms products and services are all reasonable. The gym memberships are about $70 a month for adults and about $55 for people under the age of 18. This price also includes a free gym bag, towel and bottle when you first sign up. This price beats all other competitors by $10. The products that are offered are priced at $20 for a bag, $10 for a towel and $5 or a bottle. The cheap prices are a result of finding a supplier that has cheap prices on their goods with good quality. / The promotion of the gym plays a crucial part in influencing people to join and become members. The strategy of inviting schools for a couple of free circuit sessions influences young people and also their teachers to join. Advertising through the local newspapers would be a cheap and effective way to bring people to the gym with advertisements about new membership offers or coupons that can be used to enter as a guest for free or a discounted price. Also, sponsoring local sporting clubs bring people of all ages to the gym and also give the business a good reputation for helping young people. The place of distribution of our products would only be at the gym. This is because the products are exclusive to out gym only. The storage of the products would be in storage rooms located within the gyms premises; most likely in the office. (Cambridge Preliminary Business Finance Financial requirements New businesses need have a clear idea of the amount of funds they will need. This could come from debt financing, the original owners equity or a future partners equity. The business plan should provide a breakdown of how these initial or additional funds will be used. The financial requirements needed to support the gym would be very high. The reasons for this would be the start-up costs of the business which includes things like buying the space, renovating and designing interior and exterior, purchases of new gym equipment and the employment of staff. This would be challenging for a sole trader, but with careful financial management the business can run smoothly, begin its establishment phase and not fall into too much debt too quickly./ Once the business has established itself and is on its journey through the growth stage, it must be able to support itself or else liquidity problems will develop. It is important that the gym owner manages the income wisely. This means not spending money on things that wouldnt be useful or not saving up for the times where business might not be as busy as he/she would like. The income made should be spent on the business with things such as maintenance of the equipment, buying more products for new members. This would allow the gym to grow steadily. (Cambridge Preliminary Business Studies page 281) Financial Forecasts Planning must relate directly to the prime function of the business. It tells the owners if they can actually afford to produce the product or provide the service. The firm must make financial forecast based on information gained from market and product research. Financial forecasts can be made through one of the following: Forecasted cash flow statements, projected profit and loss statements, recent profit or loss statements if business is already established, projected balance sheet, break even analysis. Forecasted cash flow statements show how much money is needed, when it is needed and where it will come from. Also reflect time frames such as weekly, monthly or quarterly. The gyms forecasted cash flow statement would be based on the sales forecasting. This is because both statistics are based on predictions on future sales. These statements are useful for when the business is close to its establishment phase or into the phase. For a business that is starting up, a personal balance sheet will be the better option. This is because owner will need to be able to keep their personal commitments and still provide enough income for family to live on. The balance sheet will explain how much money the gym is earning, where money is being spent in the gym, bill payments, workers wages, money to purchase supplies, and keep the business running smoothly. This will indicate the stability of the business and calculate its net worth. This will provide future buyers or investors of the business information on risks JClthey would be taking. (Cambridge Preliminary Business Studies page 282) / Financial Records Small businesses need to keep accurate financial records for all transactions. They will need to have one of the following: Revenue statements Cash flow statements Balance sheets Funds statements Budgets marketing, operations, employment relations and accounting and finance. For the gym, I have decided to use a balance sheet because it is easier and more convenient due to being a new business. Balance Sheet Projected up to 1 July 2011 Current Assets Cash at bank Accounts Receivable Stock $ $ total 22 000 93 000 77 500 192 500 Non current assets Equipment Motor Vehicles 900 000 70 000 970 000 Intangible Assets Goodwill 20 000 Total assets 1 182 500 Current liabilities Bank overdraft Accounts payable 100 000 50 400 -†¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢. 150 400 Non current liabilities Long term loan 350 000 350 000 Total liabilities 510 400 Owners equity Capital Undistributed profits Drawings 150 000 143 800 121 000 414 800 C938 266 Total liabilities and owners equity Gym Liquidity Current Assets divided by Current Liabilities which substitutes into $192 500 divided by $150 400 which equals 1.28. This means i have one dollar and twenty-eight cents to pay back every dollar of short term debt. It would be preferable if i had a ratio of 2:1 so that my payments dont take up the majority of my revenue. Gym Solvency Total Liabilities divided by total Owners equity which substitutes into $510 400 divided by $414 800 which equals 1.23. This means that for every one dollar of equity it has one dollar .1and twenty-three cents in debt. (Cambridge Preliminary Business Studies page 283) Financial Controls In each business, controls need to be set up to provide standards to which the firm can compare itself. Controls allow for corrective action to be taken to keep the business on a successful path. Without controls, a firms ability to achieve success would be questionable. Controls that the business would need to implement would be standards that will need to be met. These standards will be the basis for improvement. One standard would be that when the gym reaches a satisfactory number of members, that figure should be maintained/improved on. Another standard would be the service that staff offers to people using the gym facilities. The staff should always treat people with respect and provide assistance and knowledge to people that are in need or ask for it. e/ c ,ix The major control that the gym will use would be setting a budget. This control is decided by the owner of the gym because they should know how much income and expenditure is coming in and out of the gym. The budget should help the business grow but at the same time, not fall into major debt. The budget for the gym would be constantly changing to meet customer demands but the average budget would be about $5000 a week. (Cambridge Preliminary Business Studies page 283)