Essay on Hispanic Struggles in American Schools - 3861 Words

Challenges Faced by Hispanic Students in American Schools and How Schools Can Address Identified Needs I completed the work I am submitting. The work I am submitting is original and completed to the best of my ability. Abstract The United States Hispanic population continues to increase each year. In turn, school populations of Hispanics increase as well. Hispanics, although improving academically, continue to have high school dropout rates, higher than other racial and ethnic groups and continue to lag behind school peers. The discrepancy between Hispanic students and other students’ achievement is the result of many factors, including acculturalization, language acquisition, poverty, and school factors. Schools†¦show more content†¦101). Emergence into a new culture requires courage, toppled with humiliation. Despite the energy or the will, unfamiliar territory/language and events present unrelenting and unavoidable tensions. Hispanic students encounter teachers who fail to support them in maintaining aspects of their cultural identity. For some ELL students honoring and respecting another’s culture may diminish some of the struggles these students face. Unfortunately, stud ents of other cultures are faced with physical consequences for failure to completely adopt with American culture. Conde highlighted some Cuban children’s desire to escape the educational setting. Having experienced painful physical reprimands and comments from teachers for refusing Americanization, many students complied while others were determined to hold onto their culture and language (Conde, p. 126). Poverty In addition to the problems associated with acculturalization, Hispanics are faced with high levels of poverty. Poverty is correlated to academic and linguistic failure of all races of students. According to the National Education Association (NEA), Hispanic students face unique challenges in student achievement (â€Å"Hispanic Students Face Unique Challenges†, 2007). Factors such as poverty directly impact the level of achievement although they have made gains since 1980. Duvall (2011) stated, â€Å"AlthoughShow MoreRelatedHispanic Groups in the United States1260 Words   |  6 PagesRunning Head: HISPANIC GROUPS IN THE UNITED STATES Hispanic Groups in the United States Harley D. Palmer ETH 125 September 5, 2010 Dr. Carol Grant Hispanics in the United States have a history rooted for centuries. Many different cultures make up this group dubbed ‘Hispanics’, each with their own identity, culture, and struggles. However, they do group together in a common fight to gain a more stable and positive foot hold in the U.S. Mexican Americans seem to have the strongestRead MoreSocioeconomic Status Of Hispanic Americans Essay1633 Words   |  7 Pages5 million Hispanics representing about 16 percent of the U.S. population. By 2050, when demographers tell us that there will be no racial or ethnic majority among the general population of the United States, it is projected that the Latino population will double to 30 percent. Consequently, the role of Latinos in shaping our country’s political and economic climate is becoming more significant (Para. 1).This essay will explain some of the social class experiences of Hispanic Americans including economicRead MoreLife Of A Child Of An Immigrant968 Words   |  4 Pagesa Mexican American or Chicana. I grew up in the suburbs of Los Angeles and later moved to Las Vegas. As I asked my father what he had to deal when he first moved he said â€Å"people would discriminate me just because I couldn’t speak well English and because of my brown ski n†. â€Å"I was only 16 and wanted to live the American dream, but it was more like hell in America†. A lot of people are discriminated every day just because they aren’t Caucasian/white Americans, but they’re still American they live hereRead MoreThe Achievement Gap Between Minority And Nonminority Children974 Words   |  4 PagesIn school there are always those students who exceed, but there are also individuals who struggle significantly. However, minority students tend to struggle more than nonminority students. According to an article called â€Å"Addressing the Achievement Gap Between Minority and Nonminority Children by Increasing Access to Gifted Programs,† by Paula Olszewski-Kubilius, Seon-young Lee, and Mephie Ngoi, â€Å"The most significant educational problem in the U.S. is the fact that the achievement of minority childrenRead MoreAmerican Culture And Its Impact On American Society1599 Words   |  7 Pageshave Hispanics began to e nter American Society and how have they assimilated or integrated to become part of it? Hispanics are a minority group who have overcome many struggles and stereotypes throughout history. It is important to know how it all started and how they managed to become such a huge part of todays society.  Hispanics Americans constitute more than 15% of the U.S population, and the number is still growing. It is the country’s largest ethnic minority group. When Hispanics enterRead MoreAmerican Upper Class Vs. American Lower Class1743 Words   |  7 Pages American upper class vs. American lower class Income inequality has been seen throughout different societies. It has always been separated with the poor on bottom and the rich on top. Most societies in past and present have had little to no movement between the separations of classes. The reality for the poor in most of those societies is that they can almost never get to the level and quality of life of the rich. America compared to other societies in our past and present is a society that stronglyRead MoreFresh Fruit Broken Bodies By Holmes Summary1185 Words   |  5 PagesBodies, he gives a detailed account of the everyday struggles and suffering of Mexican migrants who are working in the United States. Examples of the different topics Holmes covers in his ethnography are: migration, health, violence, power, and segregation. Although segregation has been outlawed for decades it is still prevalent in the United States today. Many are still suffering, specifically among migrant workers and low income black or Hispanic famili es. One news article that relates to what HolmesRead MoreHispanic Adolescent Youth Gangs Essay1399 Words   |  6 Pagesoperated for the same amount of time worldwide. Over the last century however, a proliferation of youth gangs has been witnessed, especially among Hispanic youths immigrating into the United States. Researchers and scholars have offered multiple theories as to why youths, and Hispanics youths in particular integrate themselves into gang organizations. Three schools of thought arise when conducting gang integration research. Rational Economics Theory1 proposes that youths, and all individuals, join gangsRead MoreHunger of Memory by Richard Rodriguez: Book Critique1725 Words   |  7 Pagesmiddle class Mexican-American. The author wrote this autobiography on 1982, in where he explains the moments that he and his family went by during their immigration inside the United States. Richard Rodriguez started attending a Roman Catholic elementary school with a simple know ledge of the English language. Due to the fact he did not know much English; he was not very confident in class and had a very shy personality inside the classroom. During his trajectory in elementary school, he was more intoRead MorePublic School Vs. Public Schools1087 Words   |  5 Pagespoor in our schools educational system. We need to help improve our school board with better textbooks, classes, and equipment. How well educated is our students who went to American public schools? How much diversity is in American public schooling? Does the middle to upper class students have an advantage for getting a better education than low income students? The American Dream and public school; statistic say that kids in private schools are much more educated than public school students because

The Color of Water and Malcolm X - 1155 Words

Abraham Maslow’s theory of â€Å"Hierarchy of Needs† consists of 5 things humans need. From top to bottom, top being the more complex needs and the bottom the more basic needs is; Self-Actualization, esteem, love/belonging, safety, and physiological. Self-actualization is the level of need that pertains to what a person’s full potential is and realizing that potential. It is broken up as morality, spontaneity, and lack of prejudice. Based on the two texts I read, The Color of Water by James McBride and The Autobiography of Malcolm X as told by Alex Haley, I consider both James McBride and Malcolm X â€Å"self-actualized† men to a certain extent. James McBride is a â€Å"self-actualized† man to a certain extent because throughout his life he had a†¦show more content†¦The reason why I keep referring to chapter 14 isn’t because it’s the only chapter I’ve read, but because I feel as though this is a very important chapter that gives you a clear view of what James was going through in his teenage years and how these events made him grow up into the man he is today. When Malcolm X was young he lacked morals like most of us. It wasn’t until Malcolm was arrested and sentenced to 10 years in prison when became a Muslim and adopted morals. In chapter 2 of Malcolm X’s autobiography Malcolm attempts to be a boxer but ends up getting beaten by the same white boy twice. Malcolm says â€Å"A lot of times in these later years since I became a Muslim, I’ve thought back to that fight and reflected that it was Allah’s work to stop me: I might have wound up punchy.† This shows me that ever since Malcolm became a Muslim he no longer believed in physical violence. Supposedly there are six steps in becoming â€Å"self-actualized† I chose to focus on morality, lack of prejudice, and spontaneity because they stood out the most to me and seemed like excellent topics to focus on. The other steps are creativity, problem solving and acceptance of facts and both men have these accomplished these skills as well. When Malcolm finally went to school he was told by his teacher he could never be a lawyer and he accepted that because in those times it was rare for an African American to have aShow MoreRelatedCivil Rights Activist, Malcolm X1028 Words   |  4 PagesMalcolm X We didnt land on Plymouth Rock, Plymouth Rock landed on us.(Malcolm X).Even though Elijah Muhammad was bad to all these women and had gotten them pregnant. Malcolm X still believed in the thought of Muslims ways and Elijah’s teachings , especially when everything was segregated between whites and blacks adding on, Malcolm X had a bad past with white people. Malcolm X’s trip to Mecca had made him perceive something new. There in Mecca everyone was equal, the white man there wereRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr. And Malcolm X811 Words   |  4 Pagesmisconstrued as a harangue. To be more precise, Malcolm X’s outcries can be deemed as both impolitic and radical. There is often a dichotomy between Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X. Martin Luther King Jr. is often noted as taking the most agreeable tactics in order to translate his message. Malcolm X, radically different, approached racism in a more contentious rendering in an already contentious standing. Ra dical change calls for a radical movement, Malcolm X demanded an American form of equality, inRead MoreThe Autobiography Of Malcolm X1276 Words   |  6 Pagesof Malcolm X as told to Alex Haley, and Coming of Age in Mississippi by Anne Moody sheds light on how principles of ambition, pride, and faith throughout their lives paved individual paths for revolutionary success. Troubling upbringings as seen in both of their lives eventually instilled a drive that ultimately revolutionized America’s perspective of racial equality. Their worldview grows to encompass humanity as one and is developed alongside their spiritual and cultural inquiry. Malcolm X wasRead MoreSpike Lee: Do the Right Thing Essay1011 Words   |  5 Pages causing the mob to burn his store down. Smiley, the owner of the Korean market, goes back to Sal’s store, and hangs a picture of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King, Jr. on whats left of Sals Wall of Fame.† The film ends with two quotations, the first, from Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.: â€Å"Violence is never justified under any circumstances.† The second, from Malcolm X: â€Å"Violence is not violence, but intelligence when it is self-defense.† When watching the â€Å"Can’t stand the heat† scene, weRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Essay1601 Words   |  7 PagesThe Civil Rights Movement â€Å"I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.† This was a speech by Martin Luther King Jr. Even one hundred years after slavery was banned, African Americans were still being treated unfairly. Martin Luther King Jr. was one of the most famous leaders of the Civil Rights movement in the 1960’s. The Civil Rights movement was a movement of AfricanRead MoreMalcolm X As Notorious For The Fear He Caused White America1985 Words   |  8 PagesMalcolm X is unjustly viewed as notorious for the fear he caused White America. The controversy he caused was bigger than ever before, and most of his simple actions were skewed and twisted by the media. Malcolm X grew up persecuted by what was America and stayed persecuted as he fought against the systematic oppression that based the way the U.S treated African-Americans. Malcolm X (also known as Malcolm Lit tle or El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz) was born May 19th 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska. He was born toRead More The Saltation of Malcolm X Essay example3388 Words   |  14 PagesThe Saltation of Malcolm X Saltation is a geological term used to explain how a stream current transports and erodes a rock. The rock starts out as a sharp, coarse edged fragment on a stream bed. The current then lifts the rock from the stream bed and transports it down stream. The current, which rotates and spins the rock, slowly smoothes its edges. In saltation, a counter current or other events causes the rock to slam against the stream-bed and grind its ruff edges into a smooth exterior.Read MoreThe And Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass2000 Words   |  8 PagesMia V. Pham Mrs. Heus AP Language and Composition 14 August 2015 Education: The Key to Freedom The Autobiography of Malcolm X: As Told to Alex Haley, and Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: An American Slave, are both autobiographies that tell the incredible stories of two African-American men trying to find their place in the world. Malcolm X and Frederick Douglass lived at different points in time, but they both strived to be better and to help better the lives of the African-AmericansRead More Martin Luther King Jr. as the Greatest Civil Rights Leader Essay1080 Words   |  5 Pagesto and also by using children, he could teach them that the nonviolent was the way forward. The protest in Birmingham, Alabama shocked the country and the world, by the photographs circulated by the media of children being beaten down by jets of water and bitten by dogs brought cries of outrage from throughout the country and the world. This sent a message to the president of the United States, John F. Kennedy, to act immediately to find a peaceful solution. The justice department representativesRead MoreThe Backgrounds Of Uplifting Speeches1844 Words   |  8 Pagesrights activist and an American Muslim, Malcolm X are two great examples of people who thought they could make a difference in the world, and eventually did. This two great activists wanted to change the status quo, but in different ways. Martin Luther King Jr. used peaceful protests to accomplish his goal; Malcolm X believed in meeting violence with violence. Both of this great leaders wanted to advocate that blacks are important and matter as whites. Malcolm promoted black supremacy and separation

Analysis Of The Story Fences And A Doll House

In the story of â€Å"Fences† and also â€Å"A Doll House† we will compare the plot of change. Sometimes change is accepted and others it is not. One thing that the reader will become aware of is that times change and people change. Change is a constant thing, whether talking about society as a whole or about the people that make up that society. One thing is for sure and that is that there will always be change. In the story â€Å"A Doll House† we will see how change within two main character’s will change the family dynamics of a picture perfect family. The thing that the reader does not expect it the tragic ending that does happen within this picture perfect family. In the story â€Å"Fences† we will find how the character’s unwillingness to accept change will ultimately lead to the demise of his family life that he has. Not only does this demise come from his unwillingness to accept change but because he wants change but in very d ifferent ways than what society has to offer. We will first discuss the play â€Å"Fences† this is a story in which the main character is a hard working African American Man. He is a good provider for his family. His wife is able to be a great homemaker and mother to his children, one of which is from another woman. Troy, who is the main character, has to make decisions not only for his family but also for his brother who is handicapped from the war. This places a lot of responsibility and pressure on Troy. Troy feels discrimination from many areasShow MoreRelatedCommon Attributes of Peter Careys Short Stories Essay1072 Words   |  5 PagesThe Collected Stories of Peter Carey An analysis of several of the stories in The Collected Stories of Peter Carey reveals numerous common attributes, leading to the aspects of entrapment and isolation appearing as common aspects of the stories. These come across in both the physical and mental form. Often the entire experience of entrapment and isolation is the result of the interaction of both forms. The quality of entrapment seen throughout Crabs, Peeling and A Fat Man in History relies onRead MoreBoy in Striped Pajamas1470 Words   |  6 PagesThe Boy In Striped Pajamas: A Movie Analysis The film is an emotional experience highlighting the tragedy of innocence, using the point of view of an eight-year-old German boy to expose the raw psychological devastation of the era. Its an unnerving film with a knockout punch for an ending, but it feels more acceptable as an educational piece than a profoundly rewarding work of drama. This movie is based on a book that goes by the same name, The Boy in the Striped Pajamas, written by John BoyneRead MoreLiterary Analysis of No Name Woman6151 Words   |  25 PagesA short literary analysis of Maxine Kingstons classic â€Å"No Name Woman† As part of the first generation of Chinese-Americans, Maxine Hong Kingston writes about her struggle to distinguish her cultural identity through an impartial analysis of her aunt’s denied existence.   In â€Å"No Name Woman,† a chapter in her written memoirs, Kingston analyzes the possible reasons behind her disavowed aunt’s dishonorable pregnancy and her village’s subsequent raid upon her household.   And with a bold statementRead MoreTelevision in the 1950s: Impact on America3021 Words   |  13 PagesHolly Tran October 11th, 2012 History of Television Professor Celli Critical Analysis Paper Television in the 1950’s: The Impact on America Television. Such a simple nine letter word but this word alone is most likely to be one of the most well known words in the universe. According to the latest Nielson report, on the consumption of television, the average American watches a minimum of five hours of television per day. If we were to estimate that the average American does get at least the recommendedRead MorePsychodynamic Approach : Psychology, Psychology And Ego Psychology5661 Words   |  23 Pagesnegative ways through our daily interactions with others as adults. In order to correct these maladaptive behaviors, we must go through the process of psychoanalysis. Unconscious BET can be uncovered through techniques of psychoanalysis, such as dream analysis and free association. While popular during the emergence of psychology as a scientific discipline, today, Freudian theory is only used by a small subset of professional therapists because modern research does not support its effectiveness. The evidenceRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pagesfollowing cases: f l n r -go -lá » ¥ rather than h in words like afá »â€¹a rather than r in words like mmili ¤ rather than l in words like á » ¥nà ²Ã¯â‚¬ ¤ rather than h in words like ará » ¥ rather than -la in the perfect form rather than -rA in the neutral form market water house body With these differences, of course, go a host of lexical differences. It is hoped that comparison with other dialects will bring these to light. At the same time, it should be realized that not all the words included here are pure OnitshaRead Morepreschool Essay46149 Words   |  185 Pagestouching. †¢ When shown a painting of a tree, describes shape of the tree and the sky in the background. †¢ Points to a sculpture and communicates, â€Å"It’s a horse.† †¢ Looking at a painting, communicates, â€Å"There’s a house, and there are flowers in front of the house. And there’s a balloon far, far away.† †¢ Communicates, while looking at a painting of a tree, â€Å"That’s like the tree in our yard. It’s big and tall.† †¢ A visually impaired child comments, â€Å"I made this part bumpy and thisRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesLeadership Chapter 2 Organization Strategy and Project Selection 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 1.4.1 Managing the portfolio 1.4.3 Strategy and projects 2.3 Stakeholders and review boards 12.1 RFP’s and vendor selection (.3.4.5) 11.2.2.6 SWAT analysis 6.5.2.7 Schedule compression 9.4.2.5 Leadership skills G.1 Project leadership 10.1 Stakeholder management Chapter 11 Teams Chapter 3 Organization: Structure and Culture 2.4.1 Organization cultures [G.7] 2.4.2 Organization structureRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesto Statistics and Data Analysis This page intentionally left blank Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis Third Edition Roxy Peck California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Chris Olsen George Washington High School, Cedar Rapids, IA Jay Devore California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Australia †¢ Brazil †¢ Canada †¢ Mexico †¢ Singapore †¢ Spain †¢ United Kingdom †¢ United States Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis, Third Edition Roxy PeckRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pagessituations, but keep in mind that the larger case studies, such as Convin Corporation and The Blue Spider Project, could have been listed under several topics. Several of the cases and situations have seed questions provided to assist the reader in the analysis of the case. An instructor s manual is available from John Wiley Sons, Inc., to faculty members who adopt the book for classroom use. Almost all of the case studies are factual. In most circumstances, the cases and situations have been taken from

The True Meaning Of Family - 2008 Words

â€Å"The True Meaning of Family† The word â€Å"Family† is a noun and is defined in the Oxford English Dictionary â€Å"a group of people consisting of one set of parents and their children, whether living together or not. In wider sense: any group of people connected by blood, marriage, adoption, etc. Also: a pair of animals and their young† (OED). According to its etymology the word family originated from the Latin word Familia. The first usage of the word family was in 1484 Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes Fables Esope iii. xi. f. lxv,. The word was actual spelled as Famylle. A fader of famylle, whiche had a sone the whiche dyd no thynge that he oughte to haue done†. (OED) The spelling of the word changed in 1667 Milton Paradise Lost x. 216 As Father of his Familie he clad Thir nakedness (OED). The spelling of the word finally in 2001 and it was used in Guardian 6 Apr. and it stated â€Å"Long-distance phone calls were almost a vulgarity, save for the occasion of reporting a birth or death in the family† (OED). While most people identify the word family as blood related, family can be more complex it could mean close friends, pets or even teammates or coworkers. The most popular view on the word family according to Urban Dictionary was â€Å"A bunch of people who hate each other and eat dinner together†. Now although that is somewhat true I found another definition in Urban Dictionary that defined family â€Å"as being three types of family categories, the family you’re born into, the family youShow MoreRelatedThe True Meaning Of Family1744 Words   |  7 PagesThe True Meaning of Family In â€Å"For my Mother,† Dr. Jami Huntsinger writes about how her mother lives with Alzheimer’s disease and how her father never gave up on his wife. In this essay, Huntsinger discusses the strong relationship her mother and father shared during this hard time in their lives. Even though Huntsinger’s mother was physically unable speak, she was still able to have full conversations with her loved ones. Huntsinger stated, â€Å"She would answer, and I would try to answer with â€Å"ReallyRead MoreFamily : The True Meaning Of Family896 Words   |  4 PagesChoose your family: The true meaning of family If I were to have a family reunion with all of the people I consider relatives, I would need a very large venue. I have four mother and four fathers, hundreds of siblings, dozens of aunts, a few crazy uncles, and a ton of cousins. How is this even possible? I have such a large family because my definition of family differs from most other definitions. Family is more than people who are biologically related. Everyone has some form of family. Every personRead MoreThe Confession By Leo Tolstoy1661 Words   |  7 Pagesin a mid-life crisis when they reflect on what is the real meaning of human life. Leo Tolstoy wrote his literal interpretation of God’s teachings. Towards his golden years, the writer rejected privileges and wealth and became a wandering ascetic. At the height of his career, he encountered a midlife crisis which revolutionized his views towards life. Tolstoy said that he considered ending his life since he no longer understood the meaning of it. He wrote a publicat ion in 1882 concerning his crisisRead MoreComparison of the Two Essays The Meaning of a Word and Being a Chink987 Words   |  4 Pages In The Meaning of a Word and Being a Chink, Gloria Naylor and Christine Leong examine words of hatred that are meant to scorn, hurt and disgrace people. But these same words could also be used without harmful intentions and in a fashion of endearment amongst the people those words were created for. They each had a different word to discriminate their different culture and ethnicity. These writers discuss the words nigger and chink, which are words in our language mostly ignorant peopleRead MoreThe Definition of Poverty Essay644 Words   |  3 PagesMany people hear the words poverty and have different meanings, so how do we know which definition and I poor is the correct one? According to many people poverty may mean a person who does not have any money to do the things they want to do, however most people can afford to live only on the things they truly need. This is just one example; there are many other definitions of the word poverty. Then what do people consider to be th e meaning of the word poor? Some may say poor is not having enoughRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker852 Words   |  4 Pagesthe theme of the story can be considered as the meaning of heritage or even the power of education. Alice Walker uses many symbols and motifs such as the following: quilts, education, knowledge, Asalamalakim, and the renaming of Dee. In the story, African heritage and knowledge takes a major role. The African heritage plays a major role in the story, â€Å"Everyday Use†. Alice Walker emphasizes the meaning of heritage by having Dee come visit her family and contradicting her heritage. As Dee go off toRead More Family Values and The Status of The Traditional American Family792 Words   |  4 Pagesof the term family values, many different ideas can come to mind. Morals, religion, beliefs, tradition, expectation, controversy, and misuse are some things that may come to mind when the term â€Å"family values† is mentioned. The true definition and meaning of family values can most likely never be directly pinpointed, but it is always going to be a known fact that family values are always going to have different meanings to different people. It is the common misunderstanding that family values areRead MoreWhy I Am A Liberal Arts Education1123 Words   |  5 Pageswill learn how see deeper into what I have learned, know the true reason of why I am learning what I am learning, expanding my knowledge by having a well-rounded education, and use that in real-world situations to better myself and society. Throughout my educational experience, I have been presented with different educational and social challenges that I have had to overcome to prepare me for where I am at now at Loras College. My family has moved to different towns and school districts several timesRead MoreThe True Meaning of Life Essay716 Words   |  3 Pagesfriendship, demonstrates how to deal with difficult situations and understand the true meaning of life. It is a novel that should be read by everyone, including the incoming freshman class. Tuesdays with Morrie is a true story about a young man Mitch, and his college professor Morrie. One of the main topics portrayed through out the novel is friendship. Mitch befriends Morrie while he is attending college, and they developed a true camaraderie, both loving and supportive of one another. Mitch and Morrie

Freedom (1194 words) Essay Example For Students

Freedom (1194 words) Essay FreedomThis book was written in the middle to late twentieth century. Generally, this book dealt with Indians living in East Africa. The book is set in native Tanzania where Vassanji was raised after his family moved from his birthplace Nairobi. This book is a collection of short stories that chronically move from the narrators early childhood until he returns to his homeland years later to find that much has changed from his childhood. There are many issues that are intertwined into the text that Vassanji incorporates to relay his stories. Being a part of the lower class Indian community in Tanzania during the 1950s, there is much class struggle. There is an instance early in the book where massive discrimination is evident in the book. ?Schools went through preparation and drill for the royal visit.? ?But to my great disappointment only the higher forms were allowed to welcome the princess.? The narrator overcame this discrimination by working through the crowd and essentially got a glimpse of the young queen. This was one of the more symbolic scenes in the book. The narrator overcame oppression here on a small scale as he later will by leaving Africa and going to a University in North America. The market place called the ?Mnuda? was a place of massive thievery and just not a good place to go. However, many members of the ?community? would go to the ?Mnuda? to pick up odds and ends. The point is that this is a low class society we are dealing with. Later on there is a mention of green government trucks that randomly show up in the streets of Tanzania during the night. Green government trucks just give the impression that the government has something to fear if they are sending out ?watchdog? trucks to keep an eye on the demos or population. This example just shows the kind of totalitarian government that was in place during the mid-twentieth century in this part of Africa. Just a reminiscent of 1984 and the concept of ?big brother ? mentioned in that novel. It seems this type of ruling is in place around the narrator at this time. The family of the narrator would go on to have their own lives. When the narrator prepares for going to the University, he talks about his sisters already married. Typical for the girls to get married and run a family. That was the females ?job? here. Mamma was always interested in getting her daughters into marriage. ?Dont be choosy.? ?It will be too late then.? ?There is nothing like having a men of your own The idea of the female of the family getting out, having a man, and having kids just was the idea. Never any idea of a career or higher level education was consider throughout the novel for these girls. As for the narrator, he does go on to higher education. There is another case of discrimination in the hands of the government. The narrator whom did have very respectable grades in the local systems applies to the local university. He has aspirations to go into Medicine. However, the government recommends him to go into Agriculture, even though the narrator had ?never left the city except to go to a national park on a field trip.? This is an attempt for the government to keep the Indian class down. Take the ones who show promise and bright futures and use your governmental power to keep them down. Agriculture is a ?low? level form of making a living, especially compared to medicine. This was more example of the belligerents discrimination that occurred in this area at this time. .ud8e5bb8cf26a2ae506e918773e178596 , .ud8e5bb8cf26a2ae506e918773e178596 .postImageUrl , .ud8e5bb8cf26a2ae506e918773e178596 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud8e5bb8cf26a2ae506e918773e178596 , .ud8e5bb8cf26a2ae506e918773e178596:hover , .ud8e5bb8cf26a2ae506e918773e178596:visited , .ud8e5bb8cf26a2ae506e918773e178596:active { border:0!important; } .ud8e5bb8cf26a2ae506e918773e178596 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud8e5bb8cf26a2ae506e918773e178596 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud8e5bb8cf26a2ae506e918773e178596:active , .ud8e5bb8cf26a2ae506e918773e178596:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud8e5bb8cf26a2ae506e918773e178596 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud8e5bb8cf26a2ae506e918773e178596 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud8e5bb8cf26a2ae506e918773e178596 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud8e5bb8cf26a2ae506e918773e178596 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud8e5bb8cf26a2ae506e918773e178596:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud8e5bb8cf26a2ae506e918773e178596 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud8e5bb8cf26a2ae506e918773e178596 .ud8e5bb8cf26a2ae506e918773e178596-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud8e5bb8cf26a2ae506e918773e178596:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ancient Rome's Animal Cruelty for Entertainment in EssayThe narrators mother finally allows him to go to the States and into the California Institute of Technology. Both a financial and emotion risk is taken by mother. She has to come up with a thousand shillings for him to go and she is losing a son to a distant place. Her faith in her son gives hope to not just the family, but also the reader. The decision was pivotal to the life of the narrator. If this opportunity were wasted, then the narrators potential would be deflated in two ways. One by missing this once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. Regret haunts a person for the rest of your life. Also, the locals wanted him to go into agriculture. He would be doing farming and be using his body all-day and well it would be a waste of a mind that could do some much. Essentially the narrator meets the girl call Amina. The relationship kicks off to a great start. The narrator courts this girl in London. There is a general interest in literature and common themes. The relationship doesnt seem to work because of this commonness wears on the relationship and later breaks apart after eighteen years ago. ?An intimacy that turned insipid, dried up.? ?Not for us the dregs of relationships, the last days of alternating care and hatred.? ?I need a life on my own,? she said.? These words show the last reminisces of what a relationship should not become and the evidence a lack of love that has come between two people, as these two have become distant and had no reason to be together. The last parts of the book involve the man trying to get into the country, saying that he is a refugee. The secrecy and other espionage that occurs in this section show how the world of Tanzania has changed in the postcolonial period. A new, more suspicious nation has replaced the old one. The one group that catches the refugee does help him find his way to Canada in a confusing series of events. When the narrator returns to Tanzania [Uhuru Street} as it was affectionately called. He has found some changes to the area and some surprises, also. He sees stores and music that were once familiar, but now a distant memory as he has left and the world that he once knew was gone. When he does walk down the Uhuru Street, it is just a walk down memory lane for the narrator. The narrator also pays a visit to the schools. They have now implimented some books that would make an educator cringe. The officials tell the narrator that the educational books have been replaced with thrillers because the ?boys and girls need entertainment.? The narrator comes full circle when he sees his ex-wife while taking the stroll down memory lane as I refer to it when he is walking down Uhuru Street. This sighting best describes his relationship with Uhuru Street and his former hometown as a parallel with his relationship to his ex-wife. ?Past Mnazi Moja grounds, and with beating heart to the street, the building, where I lived as a boy for so many years from whose second-storey balcony I saw her, Amina, that day ? the mother of my daughter as they say here ? but then simply a remarkable girl who came to borrow Tranters Pure Mathematics from me.? Book Reports

Applied Business Research and Ethics Corporate Ethics

Question: Describe about the Applied Business Research and Ethics for Corporate Ethics. Answer: Introduction Corporate ethics or business ethics is a professional or applied form of ethics that focuses on examining principles of ethics together with morals and/or ethical problems arising in a business workplace environment. Business ethics is tasked with applying all business conduct aspects and is essential and relevant to individuals conduct as well as the entire organisation. As such, when individuals think of ethics, they virtually focus on rules distinguishing between wrong and right; the norms and conduct that make a distinction between unacceptable and acceptable behaviour. Ethical norms are acquired at home, in church, at school, or at any other social setting. Ethics can be applied in all aspects of human activities, including their professional practices, research, and business. Over the recent past, academicians have continually become cautious about conduct research activities that are in-line with the social norms and ethics. More are the dilemmas they face in their academic and research work; researchers in particular are confronted with a myriad array of ethical requirements (Sagan Singer, 2007). They have to meet professional, institutional and federal standards before conduct research on human subjects. This report, using ABC Company significantly brings to light ethical concerns in research that involve human participants. Background of the Study ABC Company process a gene therapy technique that has the capacity to reduce microcephaly development in unborn babies of pregnant women infected with the Zika virus. The gene therapy technique is based on stem cells derived from human subjects; the company needs a massive supply of stem cells in order to help treat the community. However, clinical trials results indicate that when adult stem cells are uses, microcephaly is reduced by 15%, stem cells from embryos under 14 days reduces 50% of microcephaly while stem cells from embryos of over 14 days old, 100% results are achieved. Given these results, ABC needs a large supply of stem cells for the gene therapy procedure but they are undecided on the type of cells to be used. Furthermore, they want to acquire the stem cells legally and ethically. In this regard, the company want to know which type of stem cells they should use and thus this report provides exhaustive information that will help the company make the best choice. Purpose of the Study The main aim of this study was to address the legal and ethical issues associated with using hESC, the unborn babies, and the pregnant women as study subjects and the potential of further spread of the Zika virus across the world. Accordingly, the study was to provide the basis for conducting further research in stem cells. Embryonic stem cells Stem cells are considered cells that have not fully developed but have the potential of dividing and giving rise to several similar cells or specialised to create specific cells for specific function in somatic tissues. In a broader perspective, the two stem cells types can be significantly be differentiated: the embryonic stem (ES) cells derived from embryos that are yet to be implanted in the uterus with proven potential of developing into all tissues cells of an adult (Reubinoff, et al., 2000). The adult stem cells are the second type and are located in various tissues of the body of the foetus and after birth and have specific function; tissue repair and replacement. The hESCs are found in the blastocysts inner cell mass 5 days after the oocytes fertilization (Reubinoff et al., 2000). The Ethical Concerns of Developing Embryos for Stem Cell Research and Therapy Embryonic stem cells have been found to give rise to new therapies essential for treating a wide range of health dilemmas; however, their use in the scientific research is a bitter pill to swallow. Different nations across the world have chosen to control embryonic stem cell research due to ethical dilemmas that comes with it (De Wert Mummery, 2003). In this regard, the ethical debate is mainly hinged on two moral values; the duty to prevent or alleviate suffering and the duty to respect human life value. Research in stem cells that involves the use of human embryos, critiques of scientific research studies argue that the no possibility of respecting moral principles; when obtaining embryonic stem cells, the embryo is destroyed. In this essence, there is total destruction of a potential human life (De Wert Mummery, 2003). Notwithstanding this, embryonic stem cell studies can result into the creation of new treatment therapies with prospects of alleviating ailments and suffering of a wider populace. In this aspect, determining which moral principle has the upper hand elicits heated debates between ethicists and scientists (Prus et al., 2003). The best resolve under the circumstance is found in the manner in which the embryo is viewed. The big question here is that, has the embryo attained a person status? The Human Embryos Moral Status With regard to the viewpoints outlined bellow, determining the human embryos moral status is a sophisticated and contentious issue. After fertilisation the embryo has full moral status Under this argument, an embryo produced for reproductive reasons is seen as a probable person or viewed as a person whilst still an embryo; the embryo in its entirety is viewed as a potential child and can develop into a full human (Wilson, 2011). On other hand, the Presidents Council of Bioethics (2002) observed that embryos developed for therapeutic purposes are considered tools for achieving scientific objectives. Accordingly, the embryos produced for therapy and research are created with intend of destroying them (FitzPartrick, 2003). Given this understanding, the criteria for determining the personhood are vastly unclear given the current circumstances. It is argued that the growth of fertilised oocyte into a baby is a process that is ongoing and thus any human effort to single out where and when personhood of an individual begins is illogical. In accordance with this argument, an embryo is a person regardless of its stage as an embryo, in a similar way as an infant is a human being in its infant stage (Robertson, 2010). Despite of an embryo not having human beings characteristics, over time it will develop into a person and thus should accorded dignity and respect of a person (Robertson, 2010). Notwithstanding the above argument, researchers consider the embryo in its early stages; one that has not been implanted into the uterus and has no emotional, psychological, or emotional properties associated with being an individual. In this essence, there is no need or interest to be protected and can be used for research purposes to benefit the patient (Hyun, 2010). In the same line of thought, embryos developed for research purposes cannot develop a person if they are not transferred and implanted into the uterus of a woman. As such it requires help from outside to develop. Similarly, chances of in vitro fertilised embryos developing into successful births are extremely low. Furthermore, treating something that has the potentiality of developing into a person as a person is wrong and should not be treated as such. For instance, a contender for the prize is not the prize winner and thus should not be treated as the prize winner. 14 days cut-off point after fertilisation It is widely known that human embryos deserve special amount of protection especially 14 days after fertilisation due to the following reasons: The embryo cannot split to form twins after 14 days; before the end of the 14th day, the embryo can be divided to form more than one baby or even not developing at all. It is only after 14 days of fertilisation that the central nervous system of a human being starts developing, thus before the embryo is more than 14 days old, then it has no nervous system and hence non senses. For this reason, scientists argue that if they can take organs from patients declared as brain dead to be used as transplants in other people, hundred-cell embryos that dont have a nervous system can also be used. The status of an embryo increases with its development Devander (2005) argues that in the event that all research embryos were included in a lottery in which some of them were donated to individuals for reproductive purposes, all research embryos would have a chance at developing into mature humans. Under this circumstance, all research embryos are potential children and if they are given an opportunity to, the status of personhood would increase as they last longer (Loser etal., 2010). An embryo thus must be accorded protection from its inception while its moral status increases as it grows. There are several development stages that are critical in enhancing the moral status of an embryo. The embryos implantation into the uterine wall is in approximately six days after fertilisation, the manifestation of a primordial streak which is the commencement of the nervous system development begins after 14 days of fertilisation. Proponents of embryonic research argue that it is irrelevant to view embryos as potential individuals when they are created. Similarly, if embryos are considered potential children, they can also be viewed as potential research tools. However, if embryos are produced specifically for procreative purposes, then it is valid to consider them as potential children. Additionally, when life is lost, people feel differently with regard to the stage of the life lost; before the implantation of a fertilised egg into the uterus, the embryo could be treated with less respect as compared to a human foetus or a baby after birth (Loser etal., 2010). Furthermore, some of the fertilised eggs get lost or die due to natural causes; it is estimated that approximately half of all the fertilised eggs die. If through natural processes there is such a significant loss of embryos, then using some of embryos in stem cell investigation in search for cure should not attract wide concerns. Generally, an individ uals interests and life are protected not because they are valuable and important from a universal viewpoint, but rather due to their significance to the concerned person (Stephenson, et al., 2012). In essence, no matter the human embryos moral status, the life that embryo lives is only valuable to it. Consequently, judging the embryos moral status from its age, then individuals will be making uninformed decision regarding who is a person. In accordance with the above discussion, the formation of the nervous system marks the beginning of personhood; embryos should be given moral status a person after 14 days of inception and hence treated with respect and dignity (Stephenson, et al., 2012). There is moral status for an embryo at all Under this argument, it is alluded that an embryo is but organic material similar to any other body party and thus has no moral status at all. Fertilised human eggs are like any other body parts attached to womens bodies long enough to develop so as to independently survive. For this reason, the moral status and respect that should be accorded to an embryo is the value that should be given to other peoples property (Ilkilic Ertin, 2010). Further, is a blastocyst is destroyed prior to its implantation into the uterus, there is no harm since it does not have desires, beliefs, expectations, purposes or aims to be harmed. Contrastingly, opponents of this argument observe that embryonic stem cells harvesting from an embryo in its early stage, the normal way of development of that embryo is hindered. In essence, the embryo is hindered from becoming what it was programmed become (a human being) (Ilkilic Ertin, 2010). Adult Stem Cells Research Stem cells from human adults despite of being valuable and with great potential for future therapies, they are restricted in what they can do (Banchoff, 2011). As compared to hESCs with the capacity to develop into anybody tissue cell type, adult stem cells are constrained to follow specific paths. For instance, blood-forming stem cells can only develop into mature blood cells while brain stem cells specifically grow into mature neurons; however, a brain stem cell cannot grow into a blood cell and vice versa. Accordingly, adult blood cells cannot grow indefinitely in the lab and are inflexible in the type of disease they can treat unlike embryonic stem cells. Whereas there are stories that individuals who had received therapies from adult stem cells, few of these therapies have been used in major trials that can ascertain the potentiality of whether the therapy is effective and safe. In this regard, until such large trials are conducted in both adult and embryonic stem cells, there i s virtually no way to know stem cell type that is superior (Brignier Gewirtz, 2010). Researchers on adult stem cells have in many cases advocated for stem cells use to achieve superior outcomes. As such significant research is required to ascertain the success of using adult stem cells. Religion and Embryonic Stem Cells Research With existence of numerous different religions around the world, there are a myriad of view regarding the status of early human embryo. The Christians for instance, believe that a human embryo even in its early stages has the status of a human being which thus does not advocate for human embryonic research and therapy (Ding et al., 2011). On the other hand, Islam and Judaism encourage and emphasize the significance of helping others and they thus argue that an embryo is not yet a human being; it can only attain the status of a human being after 40 days of inception. Judaism and Islam permit embryonic research and therapy. Legal Issues related to stem cell research and therapy Notwithstanding clarification from courts and parliaments across the world, there still is a massive discrepancy in the embryonic stem cell research governance. However, in the UK there has been debate on embryonic research ethics that was stimulated by the establishment of the in vitro fertilisation technology. This led to the development and enactment of the 1990 Human Fertilisation and Embryology (HFE) Act that has been the foundation of the UKs embryonic research regulatory framework (Kihse, 2015). This HFE Act (HFEA) was created to manage conformity with the Act as well as to licence all research institutions wishing to undertake embryonic research. Another critical issue is stem cell resources management in the UK; The House of Lords recommended for the establishment of a national Stem Cell Bank to help in the management of resources under an ethical governance framework (Wilson, 2011). For instance, the National Institute of Biological Standards Control is tasked as a reposito ry for stem cell types in the UK Stem Cell Bank (embryonic, foetal, and adult) and as a supplier for stem cell for basic research and clinical applications. Despite the above regulatory framework, there is the need for further clarification to abolish the ambiguity in embryo research governance. The HFEA only grants licences if the research is necessary and desirable. The statement does not clearly define the necessary and desirable research phrase and hence permits unethical research activities like the creating embryos through cell nuclear replacement (Robinton Daley, 2012). The European Unions harmonisation of European legal standards on the other hand is considered stricter than the UK law given the fact that some European countries prohibit deliberate development of research embryos whereas necessitating other stem cells research types. The Council of Europes Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine strictly forbids the development of human research embryos (Brivanlou et al., 2003). ABC should use stem cells of embryos below 14 days old In accordance with the above discussion, ABC Company should use embryos of below 14 days old to harvest stem cells. The harvested stem cells would help in furthering their gene therapy technique to aid in the reduction of microcephaly development in the unborn babies of pregnant women infected with the Zika virus. Accordingly, the embryo cells used should be produced specifically for research purposes through in vitro fertilisation process where there is mixing of a womans egg with a mans semen in a lab dish. Norsigian (2005) observed that harvesting embryo cells from pregnant women would culminate into the women exploitation. Similarly, using In Vitro Fertilisation process will help the company harvest thousands and thousands of embryo cells to derive enough stem cells to treat the global community to help the world overcome the Zika virus scourge. The essence of using under 14 days old embryos is that the embryo has not yet attained the status of a human being since it has not have a nervous system. A human being only attains a status of a human being when it can feel, have desires, and be emotional; however, a below 14 days old embryos does not have any of the above. Similarly, ender 14 days old embryos have high chances of dying; using these embryos for research purposes is deservingly acceptable (McLaren, 2001). Although, the use of embryos more than 14 days old provide close to perfect results in reducing microcephaly development in unborn babies, it elicits more ethical concerns. For instance, after 14 days the nervous system of the embryo has begun its development thus it has already started attaining the moral status of a human being. The potentiality of a more than 14 days old embryo developing into a full human being are higher as compared to those under 14 days old. Destruction of potential human life is un-ethical. In accordance with these, the company should need not to use stem cells from adults; first, their probability of enhancing the therapy are low (15%). Secondly, stem cells from adults are produced to perform specific functions and hence they are unsuitable for therapy purposes. Proposed Research Design ABC Company should use qualitative research in acquiring stem cells. The qualitative research in its essence is used to investigate phenomena of interest to offer comprehensive understanding of motivation, beliefs, values and attitudes. For this reason, the company will have to follow the following research process: Problem of the research identification: identifying the needed solutions Available literature review Specification of the purpose of the research. Data collection Analysis and interpretation of the collected data Evaluating and reporting the findings While using the qualitative research design, ABC Company will have to observe the following research ethics codes and guidelines: Informed consent Professional conduct Intellectual property Anonymity, confidentiality, and privacy Non-discrimination Legal issues Protection of human objects Conclusion Stem cells research is a significant domain of scientific research that has the potentiality of offering excellent therapeutic options for debilitating injury and disease. Following this realisation ABC Company developed a gene therapy technique that uses stem cells to reduce microcephaly of unborn babies in pregnant mothers affected with the Zika virus. The company now needs the supply stem cells on a large scale. There are several ethical concerns associated with harvesting stem cells from embryos. This report has significantly investigated the different ethical consideration involving deriving stem cells from under 14 days old embryos, over 14 days old embryos, and from adults. The report brings to light as to when an embryo attains the status of personhood. Similarly, the report has discussed the legal challenges involving embryonic stem cells research. In accordance with, this ABC Company is recommended to use stem cells from under 14 days old embryos. References Banchoff, T. (2011). Embryo Politics. Cornell University Press. Brignier, A. C., Gewirtz, A. M. (2010). Embryonic and adult stem cell therapy. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 125(2), S336-S344. Brivanlou, A. H., Gage, F. H., Jaenisch, R., Jessell, T., Melton, D., Rossant, J. (2003). Setting standards for human embryonic stem cells. Science, 300(5621), 913-916. De Wert, G., Mummery, C. (2003). Human embryonic stem cells: research, ethics and policy. Human reproduction, 18(4), 672-682. Ding, D. C., Shyu, W. C., Lin, S. Z. (2011). Mesenchymal stem cells. Cell transplantation, 20(1), 5-14. FitzPatrick, W., (2003) Surplus Embryos, Nonreproductive Cloning, and the Intend/Foresee Distinction, Hastings Center Report 33: 2936. Hyun, I. (2010). The bioethics of stem cell research and therapy. The Journal of clinical investigation, 120(1), 71-75. Ilkilic, I., Ertin, H. (2010). Ethical aspects of human embryonic stem cell research in the islamic world: positions and reflections. Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, 6(2), 151-161. Kuhse, H. (2015). Bioethics: an anthology. John Wiley Sons. Lser, P., Schirm, J., Guhr, A., Wobus, A. M., Kurtz, A. (2010). Human embryonic stem cell lines and their use in international research. Stem cells, 28(2), 240-246. McLaren, A. (2001). Ethical and social considerations of stem cell research. Nature, 414(6859), 129-131. McMahan, J., (2002) The Ethics of Killing: Problems at the Margins of Life, New York: Oxford University Press. Norsigian, J., 2005, Risks to Women in Embryo Cloning, Boston Globe, February 25. Prusa, A. R., Marton, E., Rosner, M., Bernaschek, G., Hengstschlger, M. (2003). Oct?4?expressing cells in human amniotic fluid: a new source for stem cell research?. Human reproduction, 18(7), 1489-1493. Reubinoff, B.E., Pera, M.F., Fong, C.Y., Trounson, A. and Bongso, A. (2000) Embryonic stem cell lines from human blastocysts: somatic differentiation in vitro. Nature Biotechnol., 18, 399404. Robertson, J. A. (2010). Embryo stem cell research: ten years of controversy. The Journal of Law, Medicine Ethics, 38(2), 191-203. Robinton, D. A., Daley, G. Q. (2012). The promise of induced pluripotent stem cells in research and therapy. Nature, 481(7381), 295-305. Sagan, A., and Singer, P., 2007, The Moral Status of Stem Cells, Metaphilosophy 38(23): 264284 Stephenson, E., Jacquet, L., Miere, C., Wood, V., Kadeva, N., Cornwell, G., ... Ilic, D. (2012). Derivation and propagation of human embryonic stem cell lines from frozen embryos in an animal productfree environment. Nature protocols, 7(7), 1366-1381. Wilson, D. (2011). Creating the ethics industry: Mary Warnock, in vitro fertilization and the history of bioethics in Britain. BioSocieties, 6(2), 121-141.